It is impossible to deduce the properties of a strongly emergent whole from a complete knowledge of the properties of its constituents, according to C. D. Broad, when those constituents are isolated from the whole or when they are constituents of other wholes. Elanor Taylor proposes the Collapse Problem. Macro-level property p supposedly emerges when its micro-level components combine in relation r. However, each component has the property that it can combine with the others in r to produce p. Broad’s nondeducibility criterion is not met. This article argues that the amount of information required for r is physically impossible. Strong Emergence does not collapse. But the Collapse Problem does. Belief in Strong Emergence is strongly warranted. Strong Emergence occurs whenever it is physically impossible to deduce how components, in a specific relation, would combine to produce a whole with p. Almost always, that is impossible. Strong Emergence is ubiquitous.

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根据 C. D. Broad 的说法，当这些成分与整体分离或当它们是其他整体的成分时，不可能从对其成分属性的完整了解中推断出强涌现整体的属性。埃拉诺·泰勒提出了崩溃问题。据推测，当微观层面的成分以关系 r 结合时，宏观层面的属性 p 就会出现。然而，每个成分都具有可以与 r 中的其他成分结合产生 p 的属性。不满足布罗德的不可推论标准。本文认为 r 所需的信息量在物理上是不可能的。坚强的出现不会崩溃。但崩溃问题确实如此。强烈涌现的信念是有充分理由的。当在物理上不可能推断出特定关系中的组件如何组合以产生具有 p 的整体时，强涌现就会发生。几乎总是，这是不可能的。强涌现无处不在。

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