Rock bolts are the most widely used support elements in rock excavations. Some bolts anchor themselves and others require encapsulants to attach to the wall of the holes. The coupling of the rock bolts in the walls of the drill holes and the properties of the mortars with which the rigid bars are installed are aspects that have been little studied; basically, due to the difficulty of obtaining specimens of bolts installed in rock. The specimens where the couplings and properties of the encapsulants were analyzed were obtained by installing the bolts in ST, a method that facilitated the preparation of specimens of different shapes, sizes and quantities necessary to obtain reliable results and then relate them to their AC. It is shown that no bolt couples 100 % to the wall of the holes. In the case of inflatable bolts (Hy and Sw) and constriction bolts (SS), strips of openings are generated, reducing their coupling to 55.82 % (STD = 38 mm); 51.96 % (STD = 41 mm) and 45.31 % (STD = 37 mm), respectively, for any BL and reaching the corresponding AC of 15.23 t; 15.23 t and 7.44 t. In the RB, the porosity and plastic wrappers of the encapsulants reduce their coupling and adhesion, the effects of which could not be quantified due to the impossibility of longitudinally sectioning entire RB installed with different encapsulants. The RBRC has better adhesion, reaching an AC of 17.37 t (STD = 36 mm and BL = 0.90 m). The encapsulants with the highest and lowest porosity are CG and RC, respectively, with their AC of 11.25 t and 17.37 t. The RBCC and RBCG have the lowest and highest roughness, respectively, and their AC 13.89 t and 11.25 t (STD = 36 mm and BL = 0.90 m). The hardness of the encapsulants is in the following order CG > RC > CC, but their AC in RC > CC > CG. The order of the densities is CC > RC > CG and the AC, RC > CC > CG. RC at 400 °C, becomes ash, losing its physical and chemical properties. In all cases the RB is offset with respect to the ST axis. The order of water absorption is RC < CC < CG. These results encourage research into new encapsulant formulations for rigid bars or additives that reduce or eliminate their porosity; Also investigate more malleable steels for the manufacture of inflatable and constriction bolts to increase their coupling in the drill holes and their AC. In practice, have knowledge of bolt couplings and encapsulant properties and their relationship with AC.

中文翻译：

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耦合及封装砂浆性能对锚杆锚固性能的影响


岩石锚杆是岩石开挖中使用最广泛的支撑元件。有些螺栓会自行固定，而另一些则需要密封剂将其固定在孔壁上。钻孔壁中岩石锚杆的耦合以及安装刚性杆的砂浆的性能是很少研究的方面；基本上，由于很难获得安装在岩石中的螺栓样本。通过在 ST 中安装螺栓来获得对密封剂的耦合和性能进行分析的样本，这种方法有助于制备获得可靠结果所需的不同形状、尺寸和数量的样本，然后将其与 AC 相关联。结果表明，没有螺栓 100% 与孔壁耦合。对于充气螺栓（Hy 和 Sw）和收缩螺栓（SS），会生成开口条，将其耦合度降低至 55.82%（STD = 38 mm）；对于任何 BL 并达到 15.23 t 的相应 AC，分别为 51.96%（STD = 41 mm）和 45.31%（STD = 37 mm）； 15.23 吨和 7.44 吨。在 RB 中，密封剂的孔隙率和塑料包装降低了它们的耦合和粘附力，由于无法对安装有不同密封剂的整个 RB 进行纵向剖切，因此其影响无法量化。 RBRC 具有更好的附着力，AC 达到 17.37 t（STD = 36 mm，BL = 0.90 m）。孔隙率最高和最低的封装材料分别是 CG 和 RC，其 AC 分别为 11.25 t 和 17.37 t。 RBCC 和 RBCG 的粗糙度分别最低和最高，AC 为 13.89 t 和 11.25 t（STD = 36 mm，BL = 0.90 m）。封装材料的硬度顺序为 CG > RC > CC，但 AC 为 RC > CC > CG。 密度的顺序是 CC > RC > CG 和 AC、RC > CC > CG。 RC 在 400°C 时会变成灰烬，失去其物理和化学特性。在所有情况下，RB 均相对于 ST 轴偏移。吸水率顺序为RC<CC<CG。这些结果鼓励研究用于刚性棒的新封装剂配方或减少或消除其孔隙率的添加剂；还研究更多用于制造充气螺栓和压缩螺栓的可锻钢，以增加它们在钻孔中的耦合及其交流能力。在实践中，了解螺栓连接和密封剂特性及其与 AC 的关系。