Cognition and gait share brain substrates in aging and dementia. Cognitive reserve (CR) allows individuals to cope with brain pathology and delay cognitive impairment and dementia. Yet, evidence for that CR is associated with age-related cognitive decline is mixed, and evidence for that CR is associated with age-related gait decline is limited. In 1,079 older ( Age = 75.4 years; 56.0% women) LonGenity study participants without dementia at baseline and up to 12 years of annual follow-up ( follow-up = 3.9 years, = 2.5 years), high CR inferred from cognitive (education years), physical (number of blocks walked per day; weekly physical activity days), and social (volunteering/working; living with someone) proxies were associated with slower rates of age-related decline in global cognition – not gait speed decline. Thus, cognitive, physical, and social CR proxies are associated with cognitive decline in older adults without dementia. The multifactorial etiology and earlier decline in gait than cognition may render it less modifiable by CR proxies later in life.

中文翻译：

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认知储备指标与年龄相关的认知能力下降有关，而不是与年龄相关的步态速度下降


认知和步态在衰老和痴呆中具有共同的大脑基质。认知储备（CR）使个人能够应对大脑病理并延缓认知障碍和痴呆。然而，关于 CR 与年龄相关的认知衰退相关的证据好坏参半，而且 CR 与年龄相关的步态衰退相关的证据也很有限。在 1,079 名老年人（年龄 = 75.4 岁；56.0% 女性）LonGenity 研究参与者中，在基线和长达 12 年的年度随访（随访 = 3.9 年 = 2.5 年）中没有痴呆症，从认知（教育程度）推断出高 CR年）、身体指标（每天行走的街区数、每周体育活动天数）和社交指标（志愿服务/工作；与某人同住）与年龄相关的整体认知能力下降速度较慢有关，而不是步态速度下降。因此，认知、身体和社会 CR 指标与没有痴呆的老年人的认知能力下降有关。多因素病因和步态比认知更早的下降可能导致其在以后的生活中不太容易被 CR 代理改变。