Recurrent selection methods have been successful in generating superior Paspalum notatum families through the accumulation of favorable alleles. However, the effectiveness of these methods in producing apomictic hybrids with superior agronomic traits has not been thoroughly evaluated. The aim of this study was to characterize the reproductive behavior of P. notatum progenies obtained through recurrent selection based on combining ability (RSCA) and recurrent phenotypic selection (RPS) and assess the performance of the apomictic hybrids concerning various agronomic traits. The reproductive mode of 144 RSCA and 144 RPS hybrids was determined using a molecular marker tightly linked to the apospory trait (BCU243-377). The expressivity of apospory was estimated observing mature embryo sacs. The apomictic hybrids were then evaluated for six agronomic traits. A segregation ratio of 5:1 between sexual and apomictic hybrids was observed for the RSCA progeny, while 4.3:1 was registered for the RPS progeny. Although apospory expressivity was variable among hybrids, 75% and 86% of the RSCA and RPS hybrids, respectively, exhibited a high expression (>81%). Non-significant differences between breeding methods in the number of apomictic hybrids and the level of apospory expressivity were observed. Variations for all agronomic traits were observed among apomictic hybrids within each breeding method. However, no differences between methods in the performance of the highly apomictic hybrids were observed. This demonstrates that the reproductive behavior of P. notatum is not affected by the recurrent selection method. Therefore, the RPS method would be the most suitable since it was equally effective than RSCA but it is cheaper, faster, and easier to apply.

中文翻译：

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比较两种在雀稗中开发优良无性生殖杂种的循环选择方法


循环选择方法已通过有利等位基因的积累成功地产生了优良的雀稗家族。然而，这些方法在生产具有优良农艺性状的无融合生殖杂种方面的有效性尚未得到彻底评估。本研究的目的是表征通过基于配合能力的轮回选择（RSCA）和轮回表型选择（RPS）获得的 P. notatum 后代的繁殖行为，并评估无融合生殖杂种在各种农艺性状方面的表现。使用与无孢子性状紧密连锁的分子标记（BCU243-377）确定了 144 个 RSCA 和 144 个 RPS 杂种的繁殖模式。通过观察成熟胚囊来评估无孢子的表达能力。然后评估无融合生殖杂种的六种农艺性状。 RSCA 后代观察到有性杂交和无融合生殖杂交之间的分离比为 5:1，而 RPS 后代的分离比为 4.3:1。尽管无孢子表达率在杂种之间存在差异，但 RSCA 和 RPS 杂种中分别有 75% 和 86% 表现出高表达（>81%）。观察到育种方法之间在无融合生殖杂种数量和无孢子表达水平方面没有显着差异。在每种育种方法内的无融合生殖杂种中观察到所有农艺性状的变异。然而，在高度无性生殖杂种的性能方面没有观察到方法之间的差异。这表明 P. notatum 的繁殖行为不受轮回选择方法的影响。因此，RPS 方法将是最合适的，因为它与 RSCA 同等有效，但更便宜、更快且更容易应用。