The medical risks of spaceflight are amplified as humans venture into longer-duration and greater-distance deep space voyages. During space missions, astronauts face the extremes of known health hazards, such as cosmic radiation and microgravity, as well as threats of the as-yet-unknown. For these missions to be productive and successful, ensuring the astronauts’ safety and well-being is of foremost priority, and this could be achieved through innovations in space medicine. This Perspective explores the use of material technologies for delivery of space medicine in the context of health maintenance and preventive care, as well as treatment for non-emergency and emergency needs. We highlight innovative drug delivery systems, living pharmacies, regenerative medicine, and 3D printing and bioprinting approaches for health-care provision, and we share our vision on their potential applications in space. Finally, we discuss the benefits of space medicine research and its implications for advancing terrestrial health care.

随着人类冒险进行更长距离、更远距离的深空航行，太空飞行的医疗风险也随之放大。在太空任务期间，宇航员面临着已知的极端健康危害，例如宇宙辐射和微重力，以及未知的威胁。为了使这些任务富有成效并取得成功，确保宇航员的安全和福祉是首要任务，而这可以通过太空医学的创新来实现。本视角探讨了在健康维护和预防保健以及非紧急和紧急需求治疗的背景下使用材料技术提供空间医学。我们重点介绍用于医疗保健的创新药物输送系统、活体药房、再生医学以及 3D 打印和生物打印方法，并分享我们对其在太空中潜在应用的愿景。最后，我们讨论了太空医学研究的好处及其对推进地面医疗保健的影响。