How do infants become word meaning experts? This registered report investigated the structure of infants' early lexical representations by manipulating the typicality of exemplars from familiar animal categories. 14- to 18-month-old infants (N = 84; 51 female; M = 15.7 months; race/ethnicity: 64% White, 8% Asian, 2% Hispanic, 1% Black, and 23% multiple categories; participating 2022–2023) were tested on their ability to recognize typical and atypical category exemplars after hearing familiar basic-level category labels. Infants robustly recognized both typical (d = 0.79, 95% CI [0.54, 1.03]) and atypical (d = 0.70, 95% CI [0.46, 0.94]) exemplars, with no significant difference between typicality conditions (d = 0.14, 95% CI [−0.08, 0.35]). These results support a broad-to-narrow account of infants' early word meanings. Implications for the role of experience in the development of lexical knowledge are discussed.

中文翻译：

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成为词义专家：婴儿在典型和非典型示例上下文中对熟悉单词的处理


婴儿如何成为词义专家？这份注册报告通过操纵熟悉动物类别中样本的典型性来研究婴儿早期词汇表征的结构。14 至 18 个月大的婴儿 （N = 84;51 名女性;M = 15.7 个月;种族/民族：64% 白人，8% 亚裔，2% 西班牙裔，1% 黑人和 23% 多个类别;参与 2022-2023 年）在听到熟悉的基本类别标签后，测试了他们识别典型和非典型类别示例的能力。婴儿强烈识别典型 （d = 0.79， 95% CI [0.54， 1.03]）和非典型 （d = 0.70， 95% CI [0.46， 0.94]）样本，典型情况之间没有显著差异 （d = 0.14， 95% CI [-0.08， 0.35]）。这些结果支持对婴儿早期单词含义的广义到狭义的解释。讨论了经验在词汇知识发展中的作用的影响。