To optimize integrated weed management, it is essential to understand the competitive ability of maize hybrids with new when coexisting with the weed community. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the competitive ability of the maize against and weeds under greenhouse (controlled conditions) and in the field by additive and replacement series designs, with different densities for each condition. In greenhouse experiments, maize coexisting with resulted in negative relative growth for leaf area and shoot dry mass, indicating damage to both species. However, maize with did not exhibit negative relative growth, suggesting a different interaction. The analysis of relative competitiveness and aggressiveness revealed significant values for maize with , indicating a competitive relationship. In contrast, maize with showed non-significant values, suggesting a less competitive interaction. In field experiments, the full model and reduced models showed good fit to the data, with non-significant differences between them, indicating that the interference of these weed species on maize yield were similar. The Principal Component Analysis identified four principal components. For PCs 1 and 2, chlorophyll-related variables exhibited a high relative contribution, showing a positive correlation with cases involving high density of . Variables related to ear insertion height, plant height, stem diameter, and stand of plants had greater relative importance for PC 1, especially for cases with higher density of . This highlights the resilience of maize to competitive conditions and suggests that its capacity for rapid growth in height makes this crop effective in competition for light, even against other C4 species.

中文翻译：

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玉米对抗草甘膦马唐和牛筋草的竞争反应


为了优化杂草综合治理，了解玉米杂交种与杂草群落共存时的竞争能力至关重要。因此，本研究的目的是通过添加剂和替代系列设计（每种条件具有不同的密度）来评估温室（受控条件）和田间玉米对杂草的竞争能力。在温室实验中，与玉米共存会导致叶面积和芽干质量的相对负增长，表明这两个物种都受到损害。然而，玉米并没有表现出负的相对增长，表明存在不同的相互作用。相对竞争力和攻击性的分析揭示了玉米具有显着的价值，表明存在竞争关系。相比之下，玉米显示出不显着的值，表明竞争性相互作用较小。田间试验中，完整模型和简化模型与数据拟合良好，差异不显着，表明这些杂草种类对玉米产量的干扰相似。主成分分析确定了四个主成分。对于 PC 1 和 2，叶绿素相关变量表现出较高的相对贡献，与涉及高密度的病例呈正相关。与穗插入高度、植物高度、茎直径和植物立度相关的变量对于 PC 1 具有更大的相对重要性，特别是对于密度较高的情况。这凸显了玉米对竞争条件的适应能力，并表明其高度快速生长的能力使该作物能够有效地竞争光，甚至与其他 C4 物种相比。