Seawater Chlorella sp. biofilm for mariculture effluent polishing under environmental combined antibiotics exposure and ecological risk evaluation based on parent antibiotics and transformation products,Science of the Total Environment

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Seawater Chlorella sp. biofilm for mariculture effluent polishing under environmental combined antibiotics exposure and ecological risk evaluation based on parent antibiotics and transformation products
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-29 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173643
Chong Yu ₁ , Yang Liu ₁ , Ying Zhang ₁ , Ming-Zhi Shen ₁ , Jing-Han Wang ₁ , Zhan-You Chi ₁

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Mariculture effluent polishing with microalgal biofilm could realize effective nutrients removal and resolve the microalgae-water separation issue via biofilm scraping or in-situ aquatic animal grazing. Ubiquitous existence of antibiotics in mariculture effluents may affect the remediation performances and arouse ecological risks. The influence of combined antibiotics exposure at environment-relevant concentrations towards attached microalgae suitable for mariculture effluent polishing is currently lack of research. Results from suspended cultures could offer limited guidance since biofilms are richer in extracellular polymeric substances that may protect the cells from antibiotics and alter their transformation pathways. This study, therefore, explored the effects of combined antibiotics exposure at environmental concentrations towards seawater sp. biofilm in terms of microalgal growth characteristics, nutrients removal, anti-oxidative responses, and antibiotics removal and transformations. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), tetracycline (TL), and clarithromycin (CLA) in single, binary, and triple combinations were investigated. SMX + TL displayed toxicity synergism while TL + CLA revealed toxicity antagonism. Phosphorus removal was comparable under all conditions, while nitrogen removal was significantly higher under SMX and TL + CLA exposure. Anti-oxidative responses suggested microalgal acclimation towards SMX, while toxicity antagonism between TL and CLA generated least cellular oxidative damage. Parent antibiotics removal was in the order of TL (74.5–85.2 %) > CLA (60.8–69.5 %) > SMX (13.5–44.1 %), with higher removal efficiencies observed under combined than single antibiotic exposure. Considering the impact of residual parent antibiotics, CLA involved cultures were identified of high ecological risks, while medium risks were indicated in other cultures. Transformation products (TPs) of SMX and CLA displayed negligible aquatic toxicity, the parent antibiotics themselves deserve advanced removal. Four out of eight TPs of TL could generate chronic toxicity, and the elimination of these TPs should be prioritized for TL involved cultures. This study expands the knowledge of combined antibiotics exposure upon microalgal biofilm based mariculture effluent polishing.

中文翻译：

海水小球藻 sp.环境组合抗生素暴露下海水养殖污水精处理生物膜及基于母体抗生素和转化产物的生态风险评价

利用微藻生物膜对海水养殖污水进行精处理，可以通过生物膜刮除或水生动物原位放牧，实现有效的营养物去除并解决微藻与水的分离问题。海水养殖废水中抗生素的普遍存在可能会影响修复效果并引发生态风险。目前缺乏研究，环境相关浓度的组合抗生素暴露对适合海水养殖废水精处理的附着微藻的影响。悬浮培养物的结果只能提供有限的指导，因为生物膜富含细胞外聚合物，可以保护细胞免受抗生素的侵害并改变其转化途径。因此，本研究探讨了环境浓度下联合抗生素暴露对海水细菌的影响。生物膜的微藻生长特性、营养物质去除、抗氧化反应以及抗生素去除和转化。研究了磺胺甲恶唑 (SMX)、四环素 (TL) 和克拉霉素 (CLA) 的单一、二元和三元组合。 SMX+TL表现出毒性协同作用，而TL+CLA则表现出毒性拮抗作用。在所有条件下，磷去除率相当，而在 SMX 和 TL + CLA 暴露下，氮去除率显着更高。抗氧化反应表明微藻适应了 SMX，而 TL 和 CLA 之间的毒性拮抗作用产生的细胞氧化损伤最小。母体抗生素去除率的顺序为 TL (74.5–85.2 %) > CLA (60.8–69.5 %) > SMX (13.5–44.1 %)，与单一抗生素暴露相比，联合暴露下观察到的去除效率更高。考虑到残留母体抗生素的影响，涉及 CLA 的培养物被确定为高生态风险，而其他培养物则为中等风险。 SMX 和 CLA 的转化产物 (TP) 的水生毒性可以忽略不计，母体抗生素本身值得提前去除。 TL 的八个 TP 中的四个可能产生慢性毒性，对于涉及 TL 的培养物，应优先消除这些 TP。这项研究扩展了基于微藻生物膜的海水养殖废水精处理中组合抗生素暴露的知识。

更新日期：2024-05-29

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