Soil legacy effects of plants are important in facilitating or inhibiting subsequent crop growth. However, in a pasture-crop rotation system, the impact of legume-grass mixtures and fertilization management via legacy effects on the follow-on crop growth is not clear. It is important to investigate how soil effects produced by different plant mixtures and fertilization management influence the growth of subsequent crops to design a sustainable cropping system. In the field, we conditioned 144 pasture plots with different ratios of legumes (L) and grasses (G) (L:G ratios of 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, and 7:3), and the reference monocultures and 4 levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 9, 18, or 27 kg P ha) for 5 years and sowed maize after removing the pasture to explore the legacy effects of legume-grass ley pastures on subsequent crop production. Our results showed that a proportion of 30% of legumes in the legume-grass fully mixed intercropping gave the highest positive legacy effect among the mixtures on maize growth at the jointing stage (V6) and big trumpet stage (V12), and this effect was comparable with the effect of a legume monoculture for the yield and P uptake of maize. The phosphorus fertilizer treatments did not directly affect subsequent crop growth. Path analysis showed that the legacy effects of pastures depended on the growth stage of maize and gradually weakened. Soil NH-N and AM fungi affected phosphorus uptake of maize at the V6 stage, while at the V12 stage, only the abundance of AM fungi was associated with P uptake. No direct effect was observed at the grouting stage (R4). We conclude that the seeding ratio of a previous plant community has significant effects on the soil biotic and abiotic properties that impact the performance of the subsequent crop and that legacy effects weakened during maize growth. Our results reveal that the crop performance depends on legacies from previous cropping systems and their growth stage. Legacy effects on the subsequent crop were affected by previous different functional group seeding ratios, a finding that is extremely useful for practical management and design of pasture-crop rotation system.

中文翻译：

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草豆类混合物对玉米磷吸收和产量的积极遗留影响在生长季节减弱


植物的土壤遗留效应对于促进或抑制后续作物生长很重要。然而，在牧草作物轮作系统中，豆科草混合物和施肥管理通过遗留效应对后续作物生长的影响尚不清楚。研究不同植物混合物和施肥管理产生的土壤效应如何影响后续作物的生长对于设计可持续的耕作系统非常重要。在田间，我们用不同比例的豆类 (L) 和禾本科 (G)（L:G 比例为 3:7、4:6、5:5、6:4 和 7:3）对 144 个牧场进行了调节，以及参考单一栽培和 4 个水平的磷肥（0、9、18 或 27kgP ha）5 年，并在移除牧场后播种玉米，以探讨豆科牧草牧场对后续作物生产的遗留影响。结果表明，豆科草全混作间作中豆类比例为30%，对拔节期（V6）和大喇叭期（V12）玉米生长的正遗留效应最高，且该效应为与豆类单一栽培对玉米产量和磷吸收的影响相当。磷肥处理并不直接影响后续作物的生长。通径分析表明，牧场的遗留效应取决于玉米的生长阶段，并逐渐减弱。 V6期土壤NH-N和AM真菌影响玉米吸磷量，而V12期仅AM真菌丰度与吸磷量相关。在灌浆阶段（R4）没有观察到直接影响。 我们的结论是，先前植物群落的播种比例对土壤生物和非生物特性有显着影响，从而影响后续作物的表现，并且在玉米生长过程中遗留效应减弱。我们的结果表明，作物表现取决于以前的种植系统及其生长阶段的遗产。对后续作物的遗留影响受到先前不同功能组播种比例的影响，这一发现对于牧草作物轮作系统的实际管理和设计非常有用。