Neighborhoods provide essential resources (eg, education, safe housing, green space) that influence neurodevelopment and mental health. However, we need a clearer understanding of the mechanisms mediating these relationships. Limited access to neighborhood resources may hinder youths from achieving their goals and, over time, shape their behavioral and neurobiological response to negatively biased environments blocking goals and rewards. To test this hypothesis, 211 youths (aged ∼13.0 years, 48% boys, 62% identifying as White, 75% with a psychiatric disorder diagnosis) performed a task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Initially, rewards depended on performance (unbiased condition); but later, rewards were randomly withheld under the pretense that youths did not perform adequately (negatively biased condition), a manipulation that elicits frustration, sadness, and a broad response in neural networks. We investigated associations between the Childhood Opportunity Index (COI), which quantifies access to youth-relevant neighborhood features in 1 metric, and the multimodal response to the negatively biased condition, controlling for age, sex, medication, and psychopathology. Youths from less-resourced neighborhoods responded with less anger ( < .001, marginal = 0.42) and more sadness ( < .001, marginal = 0.46) to the negatively biased condition than youths from well-resourced neighborhoods. On the neurobiological level, lower COI scores were associated with a more localized processing mode ( = .039, marginal = 0.076), reduced connectivity between the somatic–motor–salience and the control network ( = .041, marginal = 0.040), and fewer provincial hubs in the somatic–motor–salience, control, and default mode networks (all < .05). The present study adds to a growing literature documenting how inequity may affect the brain and emotions in youths. Future work should test whether findings generalize to more diverse samples and should explore effects on neurodevelopmental trajectories and emerging mood disorders during adolescence. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper received support from a program designed to increase minority representation in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group.

中文翻译：

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邻里资源与青少年在负偏见环境任务建模中对奖励遗漏的反应之间的关联


社区提供影响神经发育和心理健康的重要资源（例如教育、安全住房、绿地）。然而，我们需要更清楚地了解调解这些关系的机制。获得社区资源的机会有限可能会阻碍青少年实现他们的目标，并且随着时间的推移，会影响他们对阻碍目标和奖励的负面偏见环境的行为和神经生物学反应。为了检验这一假设，211 名青少年（年龄约 13.0 岁，48% 为男孩，62% 为白人，75% 患有精神疾病）在功能磁共振成像期间执行了一项任务。最初，奖励取决于绩效（无偏见的条件）；但后来，奖励被随机扣留，借口是年轻人表现不佳（消极偏见条件），这种操纵会引起沮丧、悲伤和神经网络的广泛反应。我们研究了童年机会指数（COI）（以 1 个指标量化对青少年相关邻里特征的获取）与对负向偏见条件的多模式反应（控制年龄、性别、药物和精神病理学）之间的关联。与来自资源丰富社区的青少年相比，来自资源匮乏社区的青少年对负面偏见状况的愤怒较少（< .001，边际= 0.42），而更多的悲伤（< .001，边际= 0.46）。在神经生物学水平上，较低的 COI 分数与更局部化的处理模式（= .039，边际= 0.076）、躯体-运动-显着性和控制网络之间的连通性降低（= .041，边际= 0.040）相关，并且躯体-运动-显着性、控制和默认模式网络中的省级中心较少（全部 < .05）。 目前的研究增加了越来越多的文献记录不平等如何影响年轻人的大脑和情绪。未来的工作应该测试研究结果是否适用于更多样化的样本，并应该探索对青春期神经发育轨迹和新出现的情绪障碍的影响。本文的一位或多位作者自我认同为一个或多个历史上在科学领域代表性不足的种族和/或族裔群体的成员。本文的一位或多位作者自我认同为科学界一个或多个历史上代表性不足的性和/或性别群体的成员。本文的一位或多位作者得到了一项旨在增加少数群体在科学领域代表性的计划的支持。我们积极致力于促进作者群体中的性和性别平衡。我们积极致力于促进将历史上代表性不足的种族和/或族裔群体纳入我们的作者群体中。