A novel approach to ultrasound-assisted Pickering interfacial biocatalysis (PIB) has been proposed and implemented for the efficient enzymatic transesterification production of vitamin A fatty acid esters. This is the first instance of exploiting the synergistic effect of ultrasound and the bifunctional modification of enzyme supports to accelerate biocatalytic performance in PIB systems. The optimal conditions were determined to be ultrasound power of 70 W, on/off time of 5 s/5 s, substrate molar ratio of 1:1, enzyme addition of 2 %, and a volume ratio of n-hexane to PBS of 3:1, a temperature of 40 °C, and a time of 30 min. The application of ultrasound technology not only improved lipase activity but also allowed for a reduction in emulsion droplet size to enhance interfacial mass transfer.Bifunctional modification of silica-based supports enhanced stability of immobilized enzymes by increasing hydrogen bonding while maintaining the active interface microenvironment. Compared with a non-ultrasound-assisted PIB system stabilized by mono-modified immobilized enzyme particles, the catalytic efficacy (CE) of the novel system reached 8.18 mmol g min, which was enhanced by 3.33-fold, while the interfacial area was found to have increased by 17.5-fold. The results facilitated the conversion of vitamin A palmitate (VAP), vitamin A oleate (VAO), vitamin A linoleate (VAL), and vitamin A linolenate (VALn), with conversion rates of approximately 98.2 %, 97.4 %, 96.1 %, and 94.7 %, respectively. This represents the most efficient example that has been reported to our knowledge. Furthermore, the system demonstrated improved reusability, with a conversion rate of 62.1 % maintained even after 10 cycles. The findings presented in this paper provide valuable insights into an efficient and conveniently promising protocol for the development of PIB systems.

中文翻译：

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超声辅助强化Pickering界面生物催化制备维生素A脂肪酯


提出并实施了一种超声波辅助皮克林界面生物催化 (PIB) 的新方法，用于高效酶促酯交换生产维生素 A 脂肪酸酯。这是利用超声波的协同效应和酶载体的双功能修饰来加速 PIB 系统生物催化性能的第一个实例。确定最佳条件为超声功率70 W、开关时间5 s/5 s、底物摩尔比1:1、酶添加量2%、正己烷与PBS体积比3 ：1、温度40°C、时间30分钟。超声波技术的应用不仅提高了脂肪酶的活性，而且还可以减小乳液液滴的尺寸，从而增强界面传质。二氧化硅基的双功能改性通过增加氢键来增强固定化酶的稳定性，同时保持活跃的界面微环境。与单修饰固定化酶颗粒稳定的非超声辅助PIB系统相比，该新型系统的催化效率（CE）达到8.18 mmol g·min，提高了3.33倍，同时界面面积也提高了增加了17.5倍。结果促进了维生素 A 棕榈酸酯 (VAP)、维生素 A 油酸酯 (VAO)、维生素 A 亚油酸酯 (VAL) 和维生素 A 亚麻酸酯 (VALn) 的转化，转化率分别约为 98.2%、97.4%、96.1% 和分别为 94.7%。这是据我们所知最有效的例子。此外，该系统的可重用性得到了改善，即使在 10 个循环后，转化率仍保持在 62.1%。 本文提出的研究结果为开发 PIB 系统的高效且方便的有前途的协议提供了宝贵的见解。