Despite growing interest in studying counter-revolution in Egypt, scholars have neglected the ways in which the regulation of normativity governs conduct and discourages resistance. This article argues that discourses of normativity in Egypt have produced counter-revolutionary subjectivities, without whom the counter-revolution could not have succeeded. These subjectivities are constructed through the mobilization of normal/deviant binary logics, which are encapsulated in the normative figure of the honorable citizen. I suggest that the honorable citizen—which informs how best to be Egyptian—is a contradictory figure that is made possible by the ongoing interaction between (post)colonial and neoliberal governing rationalities. By employing Foucault’s work on governmentality, and Cynthia Weber’s queer analysis of figuration, I conceptualize normal/deviant logics through what I call counter-revolutionary governmentality (CRG). CRG reduces the originality of Egyptian resistance by associating it with the desire to be Westernized and constructs revolutionary aspirations as a threat to sovereignty. I argue that figurations of normative “Egyptianness” fortify Egypt’s “backwardness” in contemporary international orderings of progressive versus backward states and maintain international hierarchies that privilege Western modes of socio-economic and political organization. Such maintenance is not only the work of the global North but is also reproduced in the South.

中文翻译：

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成为埃及人如何最好？“可敬的公民”和反革命主体的形成


尽管人们对研究埃及的反革命越来越感兴趣，但学者们忽视了规范性规范如何支配行为和阻止抵抗。本文认为，埃及的规范性话语产生了反革命的主体性，没有他们，反革命就不可能成功。这些主体性是通过调动正常/偏离的二元逻辑来构建的，这些逻辑被封装在光荣公民的规范形象中。我认为，可敬的公民——它告诉我们如何最好地成为埃及人——是一个矛盾的人物，而（后）殖民主义和新自由主义统治理性之间持续的互动使它成为可能。通过采用福柯关于政府性的著作，以及辛西娅·韦伯（Cynthia Weber）对形象的酷儿分析，我通过我所说的反革命政府性（CRG）来概念化正常/离经叛道的逻辑。CRG 通过将埃及抵抗运动与西化的愿望联系起来，降低了埃及抵抗运动的原创性，并将革命愿望构建为对主权的威胁。我认为，规范性“埃及性”的形象强化了埃及在当代进步国家与落后国家国际秩序中的“落后性”，并维持了优先于西方社会经济和政治组织模式的国际等级制度。这种维护不仅是全球北方的工作，而且在南方也被复制了。