Background During the last decades, an abundance of studies has investigated childhood adversity in relation to psychosis. This systematic review critically examines the methodologies employed to investigate childhood adversity in psychosis over the past decade, including operational definitions, measurement tools and characteristics, and psychometric properties of instruments used in these studies. Study Design This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines (registration number CRD42022307096), and the search used the following electronic databases: PsychINFO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, African Index Medicus (AIM), LILACS, CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. The search included variations and combinations of the terms targeting childhood adversity and psychosis. Study Results Out of 585 identified studies published between 2010 and 2023, 341 employed a validated instrument to investigate childhood adversity. Our findings show “childhood trauma” being the most frequently examined construct, followed by “child maltreatment” or “child abuse.” The short version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was the dominant instrument. Physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse were most frequently investigated, and indeed the field appears generally to focus on child abuse and neglect over other adversities. Significant psychometric heterogeneity was observed in the selection and summarization of instrument items, with only 59% of studies documenting original psychometric validation and 22% reporting reliability in their datasets. Conclusion This review highlights substantial methodological heterogeneity in the field, pointing out biases in the research on childhood adversity and psychosis. These findings underline the need for standardized definitions and high-quality measurement tools to enhance the validity of future research in this area.

中文翻译：

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阐明精神病研究中童年逆境的概念：系统回顾


背景 在过去的几十年里，大量研究调查了童年逆境与精神病的关系。本系统综述批判性地审查了过去十年中用于调查精神病儿童逆境的方法，包括操作定义、测量工具和特征，以及这些研究中使用的工具的心理测量特性。研究设计本系统评价遵循 PRISMA 指南（注册号 CRD42022307096），检索使用以下电子数据库：PsychINFO、SCOPUS、Web of Science、African Index Medicus (AIM)、LILACS、CINAHL、EMBASE 和 MEDLINE。搜索包括针对童年逆境和精神病的术语的变体和组合。研究结果 在 2010 年至 2023 年间发表的 585 项确定研究中，341 项采用经过验证的工具来调查童年逆境。我们的研究结果显示，“童年创伤”是最常被检查的概念，其次是“虐待儿童”或“虐待儿童”。简短版的童年创伤问卷是主要工具。身体虐待、情感虐待和性虐待是最常受到调查的，事实上，该领域似乎普遍关注儿童虐待和忽视，而不是其他逆境。在仪器项目的​​选择和总结中观察到显着的心理测量异质性，只有 59% 的研究记录了原始心理测量验证，22% 的研究报告了数据集中的可靠性。结论 这篇综述强调了该领域的显着方法论异质性，指出了儿童逆境和精神病研究中的偏见。 这些发现强调需要标准化的定义和高质量的测量工具，以提高该领域未来研究的有效性。