Each year, an estimated 7·7 million deaths are attributed to bacterial infections, of which 4.95 million are associated with drug-resistant pathogens, and 1·27 million are caused by bacterial pathogens resistant to the antibiotics available. Access to effective antibiotics when indicated prolongs life, reduces disability, reduces health-care expenses, and enables access to other life-saving medical innovations. Antimicrobial resistance undoes these benefits and is a major barrier to attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals, including targets for newborn survival, progress on healthy ageing, and alleviation of poverty. Adverse consequences from antimicrobial resistance are seen across the human life course in both health-care-associated and community-associated infections, as well as in animals and the food chain. The small set of effective antibiotics has narrowed, especially in resource-poor settings, and people who are very young, very old, and severely ill are particularly susceptible to resistant infections. This paper, the first in a Series on the challenge of antimicrobial resistance, considers the global scope of the problem and how it should be measured. Robust and actionable data are needed to drive changes and inform effective interventions to contain resistance. Surveillance must cover all geographical regions, minimise biases towards hospital-derived data, and include non-human niches.

中文翻译：

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抗菌素耐药性挑战的范围


每年，估计有 7·70 万人死于细菌感染，其中 495 万人与耐药病原体有关，1·27 万人由对现有抗生素耐药的细菌病原体引起。在有需要时获得有效的抗生素可以延长生命，减少残疾，减少医疗费用，并能够获得其他挽救生命的医疗创新。抗生素耐药性消除了这些益处，并且是实现可持续发展目标的主要障碍，包括新生儿生存目标、健康老龄化进展和减轻贫困。抗菌素耐药性的不利后果在人类生命历程中随处可见，包括医疗保健相关感染和社区相关感染，以及动物和食物链。有效抗生素的范围已经缩小，特别是在资源匮乏的环境中，非常年轻、非常年老和病情严重的人特别容易受到耐药性感染。本文是关于抗菌素耐药性挑战的系列文章中的第一篇，探讨了该问题的全球范围以及如何衡量该问题。需要可靠且可操作的数据来推动变革并为有效干预措施提供信息以遏制阻力。监测必须覆盖所有地理区域，尽量减少对医院数据的偏见，并包括非人类利基市场。