The reorganization of predator–prey networks over 20 million years explains extinction patterns of mammalian carnivores,Ecology Letters

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The reorganization of predator–prey networks over 20 million years explains extinction patterns of mammalian carnivores
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-30 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.14448
João C S Nascimento ₁ , Fernando Blanco _{2,

3,

4} , M Soledad Domingo ₅ , Juan L Cantalapiedra _{4,

6,

7} , Mathias M Pires ₈

Affiliation

Linking the species interactions occurring at the scale of local communities to their potential impact at evolutionary timescales is challenging. Here, we used the high‐resolution fossil record of mammals from the Iberian Peninsula to reconstruct a timeseries of trophic networks spanning more than 20 million years and asked whether predator–prey interactions affected regional extinction patterns. We found that, despite small changes in species richness, trophic networks showed long‐term trends, gradually losing interactions and becoming sparser towards the present. This restructuring of the ecological networks was driven by the loss of medium‐sized herbivores, which reduced prey availability for predators. The decrease in prey availability was associated with predator longevity, such that predators with less available prey had greater extinction risk. These results not only reveal long‐term trends in network structure but suggest that prey species richness in ecological communities may shape large scale patterns of extinction and persistence among predators.

中文翻译：

2000万年来捕食者-被捕食者网络的重组解释了哺乳动物食肉动物的灭绝模式

将当地群落规模内发生的物种相互作用与其在进化时间尺度上的潜在影响联系起来具有挑战性。在这里，我们使用伊比利亚半岛哺乳动物的高分辨率化石记录来重建跨越超过 2000 万年的营养网络的时间序列，并询问捕食者与猎物的相互作用是否影响区域灭绝模式。我们发现，尽管物种丰富度发生了微小变化，但营养网络呈现出长期趋势，逐渐失去相互作用并变得越来越稀疏。这种生态网络的重组是由于中型食草动物的减少而导致的，这减少了捕食者的猎物供应。猎物可用性的下降与捕食者的寿命有关，因此猎物较少的捕食者面临更大的灭绝风险。这些结果不仅揭示了网络结构的长期趋势，而且表明生态群落中猎物物种的丰富度可能会影响捕食者的大规模灭绝和持续存在模式。

更新日期：2024-05-30

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