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Asymmetric Fe2+/Fe3+-Mediated Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization for the Removal of Chloride Ions in Reclaimed Water
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c00071
Feilan Qi 1 , Xingmin Wang 1 , Peipei Zhu 1 , Qiudong Li 1 , Shikun Wang 1 , Jujiao Zhao 1
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c00071
Feilan Qi 1 , Xingmin Wang 1 , Peipei Zhu 1 , Qiudong Li 1 , Shikun Wang 1 , Jujiao Zhao 1
Affiliation
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Chloride ions (Cl–) are ubiquitous in reclaimed water and can cause a variety of problems in water reuse systems. Flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) shows good prospects for energy-efficient desalination, but its applications were still hindered due to the low ion removal efficiency resulting from the limited conductivity of flow electrodes composed of carbon materials and aqueous electrolytes. Herein, this study introduced redox mediator Fe2+/Fe3+ ox/red in flow electrodes resulting in higher chloride ions removal efficiency (80.57%) and charge efficiency (85.22%) compared to the FCDI system without Fe2+/Fe3+ (49.64 and 53.37%, respectively). An asymmetric Fe2+/Fe3+-mediated FCDI system that could avoid leakage of the Fe2+/Fe3+ was also proposed. It was found that the high performance was due to Fe2+/Fe3+ ox/red promoting electrodialysis and capacitive deionization. The long-term operation was conducted, and the system showed good stability without the formation of iron hydroxide precipitation. Under optimized conditions, the high removal efficiency (88.28%) could be achieved in treating the actual reclaimed water, implying the practical applicability of the Fe2+/Fe3+-mediated FCDI system. The insights gained in this work are expected to facilitate the further development of a useful flow electrode capacitive deionization technology.
中文翻译：
非对称 Fe2+/Fe3+ 介导的流动电极电容去离子去除再生水中的氯离子
氯离子 (Cl – ) 在再生水中普遍存在，会在水回用系统中引起各种问题。流电极电容去离子（FCDI）在节能海水淡化方面显示出良好的前景，但由于由碳材料和水电解质组成的流电极的电导率有限，导致离子去除效率低，其应用仍然受到阻碍。在此，本研究在流电极中引入氧化还原介体 Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ox/red，与不含 Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ 的 FCDI 系统（分别为 49.64 和 53.37%）。还提出了一种不对称的 Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ 介导的 FCDI 系统，可以避免 Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ 的泄漏。结果发现，这种高性能归因于Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ox/red 促进电渗析和电容去离子。长期运行，体系稳定性良好，没有形成氢氧化铁沉淀。在优化条件下，处理实际中水可达到较高的去除效率（88.28%），表明Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ 介导的FCDI系统具有实际应用性。这项工作中获得的见解预计将有助于进一步开发有用的流电极电容去离子技术。
更新日期：2024-05-28
中文翻译：
非对称 Fe2+/Fe3+ 介导的流动电极电容去离子去除再生水中的氯离子
氯离子 (Cl – ) 在再生水中普遍存在，会在水回用系统中引起各种问题。流电极电容去离子（FCDI）在节能海水淡化方面显示出良好的前景，但由于由碳材料和水电解质组成的流电极的电导率有限，导致离子去除效率低，其应用仍然受到阻碍。在此，本研究在流电极中引入氧化还原介体 Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ox/red，与不含 Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ 的 FCDI 系统（分别为 49.64 和 53.37%）。还提出了一种不对称的 Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ 介导的 FCDI 系统，可以避免 Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ 的泄漏。结果发现，这种高性能归因于Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ox/red 促进电渗析和电容去离子。长期运行，体系稳定性良好，没有形成氢氧化铁沉淀。在优化条件下，处理实际中水可达到较高的去除效率（88.28%），表明Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ 介导的FCDI系统具有实际应用性。这项工作中获得的见解预计将有助于进一步开发有用的流电极电容去离子技术。
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