The Baishuihe landslide, a typical large-scale deposit landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, has attracted considerable societal and scholarly attention. Since 2003, 11 displacement monitoring points have been established on the landslide mass for monitoring displacement data. Displacement monitoring data from 14 years have been widely applied in landslide displacement prediction research. However, there is a lack of research involving interpretations of displacement data. To interpret landslide displacement from geological and hydrodynamic perspectives, we applied integrated geophysical methods, including electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), self-potential (SP), and surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR), to model the landslide structure and investigate groundwater activity. The results indicate that the landslide deposit is predominantly located at the foot of the landslide, with a total volume of approximately 7.7 × 10 cubic meters. The thickness gradually increases in the eastern direction of the landslide along the sliding direction, while in the western direction, it initially increases and then decreases. The SNMR results reveal that groundwater is primarily situated in the gravel soil layer, demonstrating a volumetric water content of approximately 2.8% per unit volume. The SP results suggest that below an elevation of 190 m, the groundwater flow field is turbulent and irregular. Above an elevation of 190 m, the general direction of the groundwater flow field tends to align roughly with the sliding direction. Through the integration of GPS displacement monitoring data and comprehensive geophysical analysis, we discerned that the thickness of the deposit layer, the morphology of the sliding surface, and the interaction with groundwater recharge collectively exert significant influences on the displacement of the Baishuihe landslide. Generally, the thickness of the deposit layer and the morphology of the sliding surface determine whether the landslide will exhibit significant displacement. At a more detailed level, the weight of the accumulated mass and the influence of groundwater play a significant role in determining the displacement velocity.

中文翻译：

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利用综合地球物理方法对白水河滑坡进行结构表征和位移解释


白水河滑坡是三峡库区典型的大型沉积型滑坡，引起了社会和学术界的广泛关注。 2003年以来，在滑坡体上建立了11个位移监测点，监测位移数据。 14年的位移监测数据已广泛应用于滑坡位移预测研究。然而，缺乏涉及位移数据解释的研究。为了从地质和水动力角度解释滑坡位移，我们应用综合地球物理方法，包括电阻率层析成像（ERT）、自电位（SP）和表面核磁共振（SNMR），来模拟滑坡结构并研究地下水活动。结果表明，滑坡沉积物主要位于滑坡脚部，总体积约为7.7×10立方米。滑坡东方向厚度沿滑动方向逐渐增大，而西方向则先增大后减小。 SNMR 结果表明，地下水主要位于砾石土层中，单位体积的体积含水量约为 2.8%。 SP结果表明，海拔190 m以下，地下水流场是湍流且不规则的。在海拔190米以上，地下水流场的总体方向往往与滑动方向大致一致。 通过结合GPS位移监测数据和综合地球物理分析，我们发现沉积层厚度、滑动面形态以及与地下水补给的相互作用共同对白水河滑坡的位移产生显着影响。一般来说，沉积层的厚度和滑动面的形态决定了滑坡是否会出现明显的位移。在更详细的层面上，累积质量的重量和地下水的影响在确定位移速度方面起着重要作用。