Millions of people around the world are internally displaced. And yet – compared to other forms of wartime victimization – scholars know relatively little about the long-run consequences of displacement for victims. This gap in the literature is problematic since displacement is distinct from other forms of victimization, and because IDPs face unique challenges in post-conflict transitions. This study contributes to the literature on the effects of displacement in three ways. First, the study brings to bear a unique sample of households in Colombia that is largely homogeneous along key confounders – mostly poor, rural, and conflict-afflicted – yet varies in their exposure to displacement. Next, the study draws on a rich set of covariates and outcomes to provide plausible estimates on the long-run effects of internal displacement. The study finds that a decade or more after displacement, victims experience substantial negative welfare deficits yet exhibit higher levels of social cohesion than their counterparts. Finally, combining a prediction framework with key stakeholder interviews, the study explores variation in outcomes among victims, particularly why some can return home and seek reparations while others are not. The results reveal a wide assortment of consequences resulting from displacement and should help inform policy-making bearing on support for internally displaced people.

中文翻译：

---

长期的社会凝聚力、经济安全和被迫流离失所：来自哥伦比亚农村地区的证据


世界各地有数百万人在国内流离失所。然而，与其他形式的战时受害相比，学者们对流离失所给受害者造成的长期后果知之甚少。文献中的这一空白是有问题的，因为流离失所与其他形式的受害不同，而且国内流离失所者在冲突后过渡时期面临着独特的挑战。这项研究从三个方面为有关流离失所影响的文献做出了贡献。首先，这项研究提供了哥伦比亚家庭的一个独特样本，这些样本在关键混杂因素上基本上是同质的——大多是贫困、农村和受冲突影响的——但他们流离失所的风险却各不相同。接下来，该研究利用了一组丰富的协变量和结果，对国内流离失所的长期影响提供了合理的估计。研究发现，流离失所十年或更长时间后，受害者会经历严重的负福利赤字，但表现出比其他人更高水平的社会凝聚力。最后，该研究将预测框架与关键利益相关者访谈相结合，探讨了受害者结果的差异，特别是为什么有些人可以返回家园并寻求赔偿，而另一些人却不能。研究结果揭示了流离失所造成的各种后果，应有助于为支持国内流离失所者的政策制定提供信息。