Nature Geoscience ( IF 15.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-29 , DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01451-z Jan Peeters , Angus Graham , Willem H. J. Toonen , Benjamin T. Pennington , Julie A. Durcan , Timotheus G. Winkels , Dominic S. Barker , Aurélia Masson-Berghoff , Kathryn Adamson , Virginia L. Emery , Kristian D. Strutt , Marie Millet , Luke H. Sollars , Hosni H. Ghazala
Although the Nile is one of the largest rivers in the world and played a central role in ancient Egyptian life, little is known about its response to climatic change during the Holocene. Here we present a framework for the evolution of the Egyptian Nile, demonstrating how climatic and environmental changes have shaped the landscape of the Egyptian Nile Valley over the past 11,500 years, including the civilization of ancient Egypt (~5,000 to 2,000 years ago). Using data from over 80 sediment cores drilled in a transect spanning the Nile Valley near Luxor, pinned in time by 48 optically stimulated luminescence ages, we reconstruct the dynamics of the Nile River during the Holocene in the vicinity of UNESCO World Heritage sites such as Karnak and Luxor temples. According to our reconstruction, valley incision occurred from the start of the record until approximately 4,000 years ago and then rapidly shifted to massive floodplain aggradation. We argue that this relatively abrupt change in the riverine landscape near Luxor from the Middle to Late Holocene was linked to a shift towards a drier regional hydroclimate around this time. Such a dramatic change in river sediment dynamics could have had local agro-economic consequences.
中文翻译:
约 4,000 年前卢克索尼罗河切口的转变影响了古埃及的景观
尽管尼罗河是世界上最大的河流之一,并且在古埃及的生活中发挥着核心作用,但人们对其在全新世期间气候变化的反应知之甚少。在这里,我们提出了埃及尼罗河演化的框架,展示了过去 11,500 年来气候和环境变化如何塑造了埃及尼罗河谷的地貌,包括古埃及文明(约 5,000 至 2,000 年前)。利用在卢克索附近横跨尼罗河谷的横断面上钻取的 80 多个沉积岩芯的数据,并按 48 个光刺激发光年龄固定时间,我们重建了全新世期间卡纳克等联合国教科文组织世界遗产地附近尼罗河的动态和卢克索神庙。根据我们的重建,从有记录开始到大约 4,000 年前,山谷切割一直发生,然后迅速转变为大规模的洪泛区加积。我们认为,从全新世中期到晚期,卢克索附近河流景观的这种相对突然的变化与此时区域水文气候向干燥的转变有关。河流沉积物动态的如此巨大变化可能会对当地的农业经济产生影响。