Blasting operations in surface mines have the primary purpose of fragmenting the rock mass into a size that is optimal and economically viable for the mine. This ideal size has an impact on every step of the mining operation, from loading and hauling through crushing and grinding. To put it another way, the economics of the mine or facility as a whole are significantly impacted by having the ideal size distribution. This research offers a causality-based rock engineering system (RES) for risk assessment and prediction of rock fragmentation generated by blasting in surface mines. The fuzzy cognitive map was utilized in the proposed approach in order to weight the RES in accordance with the reliability information provided by the Z-number theory. This model of the RES that is weighted according to causality and based on reliability is abbreviated as causality-weighted rock engineering system based on reliability (CWRESR). The construction of the model makes use of a database that was obtained from the Sarcheshmeh copper mine. The findings indicated that the overall risk level of fragmentation was somewhere between high and very high, with a vulnerability index (VI) of 69.73 cm. As a result, controlled blasting operations are strongly advised as a means of lowering the amount of risk. In addition, the suggested model was able to predict rock fragmentation with a coefficient of determination (R) of 0.9462 and 9646 for the training and testing phase, respectively, demonstrating that the CWRESR model is superior to other models in its ability to predict rock fragmentation.

中文翻译：

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Z数和模糊认知图的可靠性信息的扩展：开发因果加权岩石工程系统来预测和风险评估爆炸引起的岩石尺寸分布


露天矿山爆破作业的主要目的是将岩体破碎成对矿山来说最佳且经济可行的尺寸。这种理想的尺寸对采矿作业的每一步都有影响，从装载和运输到破碎和研磨。换句话说，理想的粒度分布会对矿山或设施的整体经济效益产生显着影响。这项研究提供了一种基于因果关系的岩石工程系统（RES），用于露天矿爆破产生的岩石破碎的风险评估和预测。该方法中使用了模糊认知图，以便根据 Z 数理论提供的可靠性信息对 RES 进行加权。这种按因果关系加权、基于可靠性的RES模型简称为基于可靠性的因果关系加权岩石工程系统（CWRESR）。该模型的构建利用了从 Sarcheshmeh 铜矿获得的数据库。研究结果表明，碎片化的总体风险级别介于高和极高之间，脆弱性指数 (VI) 为 69.73 cm。因此，强烈建议采用受控爆破作业作为降低风险的一种手段。此外，所提出的模型能够预测岩石破碎，训练和测试阶段的确定系数（R）分别为0.9462和9646，这表明CWRESR模型在预测岩石破碎的能力方面优于其他模型。