Clinoforms are ubiquitous depositional surfaces in sedimentary systems. The quintessential shape, with a flat or gentle topset, sloping foreset, and gentle to flat bottomset, is recognizable in the smallest ripple to the kilometer high edges of the continents. Essentially the shape is one which develops with differential sedimentation away from a sedimentary source. Systematic decay of transport competence and/or sediment amount from a site favouring deposition, generates differential loading of a typically lens-shaped sedimentary body. The lithology, grain size, water depth, hydrodynamic factors, transport mechanisms, antecedent topography, relative sea level and sediment rate all interact to create different sizes, slopes and shapes. Meanwhile there are several fundamental similarities between clinoforms, even with the smallest bedwave features (ripples and dunes), despite forming under very different depositional conditions.

中文翻译：

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沉积学中典型的S形：斜形的形成与控制综述


斜形是沉积系统中普遍存在的沉积表面。典型的形状，具有平坦或平缓的顶部、倾斜的前部以及平缓至平坦的底部，可以从大陆边缘数公里高的最小波纹中识别出来。本质上，该形状是随着远离沉积源的差异沉积而形成的。有利于沉积的地点的输运能力和/或沉积物量的系统性衰减，会产生典型透镜状沉积体的差异负载。岩性、粒度、水深、水动力因素、输送机制、先期地形、相对海平面和沉积率相互作用，形成不同的尺寸、坡度和形状。与此同时，斜形之间也存在一些基本相似之处，即使具有最小的底波特征（波纹和沙丘），尽管它们是在非常不同的沉积条件下形成的。