Although physical training has been shown to improve bone mass, the time of day to exercise for optimal bone growth remains uncertain. Here we show that engaging in physical activity during the early active phase, as opposed to the subsequent active or rest phase, results in a more substantial increase in bone length of male and female mice. Transcriptomic and metabolomic methodologies identify that exercise during the early active phase significantly upregulates genes associated with bone development and metabolism. Notably, oxidative phosphorylation-related genes show a rhythmic expression in the chondrification centre, with a peak at the early active phase, when more rhythmic genes in bone metabolism are expressed and bone growth is synergistically promoted by affecting oxidative phosphorylation, which is confirmed by subsequent pharmacological investigations. Finally, we construct a signalling network to predict the impact of exercise on bone growth. Collectively, our research sheds light on the intricacies of human exercise physiology, offering valuable implications for interventions.

尽管体育锻炼已被证明可以改善骨量，但一天中进行最佳骨骼生长锻炼的时间仍然不确定。在这里，我们表明，与随后的活动或休息阶段相比，在早期活动阶段进行体力活动会导致雄性和雌性小鼠的骨长度出现更大幅度的增加。转录组学和代谢组学方法表明，早期活动阶段的运动会显着上调与骨骼发育和代谢相关的基因。值得注意的是，氧化磷酸化相关基因在软骨化中心呈现节律性表达，在早期活跃期达到峰值，此时骨代谢节律性基因表达较多，通过影响氧化磷酸化协同促进骨生长，后续研究证实了这一点。药理学研究。最后，我们构建了一个信号网络来预测运动对骨骼生长的影响。总的来说，我们的研究揭示了人类运动生理学的复杂性，为干预措施提供了宝贵的启示。