To achieve in situ condition-preserved coring of the lunar surface and deep lunar rocks and a return mission, it is necessary to explore the mechanical properties and failure modes of simulated lunar rocks that have physical and mechanical properties approximately equivalent to those of mare basalt under simulated lunar temperature environments ($-120$${}^{\circ }$C to 200${}^{\circ }$C). To this end, real-time uniaxial compression tests were conducted on simulated lunar rocks under corresponding in situ temperature conditions, and the mechanical properties, deformation characteristics, micromorphology, and failure modes were analyzed. Based on the macroscopic analysis, as the environmental temperature decreases, the uniaxial compressive strength, peak strain, and peak strain duration of simulated lunar rocks exhibit a nonlinear increasing trend, with maximum increases of 33.00$\%$, 36.16$\%$, and 49.25$\%$ from those at room temperature, respectively. Based on microscopic analysis, the intergranular fractures run through the entire samples under the environmental temperature. As the environmental temperature increases, intergranular and transgranular fractures coexist, and layered fractures appear at high temperatures. At the same time, some samples exhibit undulating and stepped morphologies caused by shear stress. For the fractal dimension of a simulated lunar rock main fracture surface, the fractal dimension of the actual angle and the corrected angle increase first and then decrease with increasing environmental temperature, and the maximum error of the two is only 1.84$\%$. The overall fractal dimension ranges from 2.02 to 2.28, and the fractal dimension under real-time high-temperature conditions is higher than that under real-time low-temperature conditions. In addition, the failure mode of the simulated lunar rocks under real-time in situ temperature changes is a combined tensile–shear failure mode with shear failure (primary) and tensile failure (secondary). The above research results are expected to be applied to in situ condition-preserved coring in extreme lunar environments and provide a scientific basis for the design and development of in situ condition-preserved coring robot systems for the extreme environment of deep space.

为实现月表和月深部岩石原位保存取芯及返回任务，需要探索与月海玄武岩物理力学性能大致相当的模拟月岩的力学性能和破坏模式。模拟月球温度环境（ $-120$ ${}^{\circ }$ C 至 200 ${}^{\circ }$ C）。为此，对模拟月岩在相应的原位温度条件下进行了实时单轴压缩试验，分析了月岩的力学性能、变形特征、微观形貌和破坏模式。宏观分析发现，随着环境温度的降低，模拟月岩的单轴抗压强度、峰值应变和峰值应变持续时间均呈现非线性增长趋势，最大增幅分别为33.00 $\%$ 、36.16 $\%$ 和 49.25 $\%$ 分别与室温下的结果相比。根据微观分析，在环境温度下，沿晶断裂贯穿整个样品。随着环境温度升高，沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂同时存在，高温下出现层状断裂。同时，一些样品表现出由剪切应力引起的起伏和阶梯形形态。对于模拟月岩主断裂面的分形维数，随着环境温度的升高，实际角度和修正角度的分形维数先增大后减小，两者最大误差仅为1.84 $\%$ .总体分形维数范围为 2.02 至 2。如图28所示，实时高温条件下的分形维数高于实时低温条件下的分形维数。此外，模拟月球岩石在实时原位温度变化下的破坏模式是拉伸-剪切组合破坏模式，具有剪切破坏（初级）和拉伸破坏（次级）。上述研究成果有望应用于月球极端环境原位保质取芯，为深空极端环境原位保质取芯机器人系统的设计和研发提供科学依据。