Living with wildfires in an era of climate change requires adaptation and weaving together many forms of knowledge. Empirical evidence of knowledge co-production in wildfire management is lacking in Mediterranean European areas. We explored how local ecological knowledge can be leveraged to reduce wildfire risk through an adaptation pathways process in the Montseny massif and wider Tordera River watershed of Catalonia, Spain: an area stewarded through forestry and agriculture, tourism, nature conservation, and fire management. We combined different methods (e.g., a timeline and Three Horizons framework) throughout three workshops with agents of change to co-create adaptation pathways to reduce wildfire risk, integrating a historical perspective of the landscape while envisioning desirable futures. Our results showed that local ecological knowledge and other soft adaptation strategies contribute to innovative sustainable development initiatives that can also mitigate wildfire risk. The adaptation pathways approach holds much potential to inform local policies and support wildfire-based community initiatives in diverse contexts.

在气候变化时代与野火共存需要适应并将多种形式的知识结合在一起。地中海欧洲地区缺乏野火管理知识合作生产的经验证据。我们探索了如何利用当地生态知识，通过西班牙加泰罗尼亚蒙塞尼地块和更广泛的托尔德拉河流域的适应路径过程来减少野火风险：该地区由林业和农业、旅游业、自然保护和火灾管理部门管理。我们在三个研讨会中与变革推动者结合了不同的方法（例如，时间线和三个视野框架），共同创建减少野火风险的适应途径，整合景观的历史视角，同时展望理想的未来。我们的结果表明，当地生态知识和其他软适应策略有助于创新的可持续发展举措，也可以减轻野火风险。适应途径方法具有很大的潜力，可以为地方政策提供信息并支持不同背景下基于野火的社区举措。