Worldwide diversity in mammalian life histories: Environmental realms and evolutionary adaptations,Ecology Letters

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Worldwide diversity in mammalian life histories: Environmental realms and evolutionary adaptations
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-24 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.14445
E Beccari ₁ , P Capdevila _{2,

3} , R Salguero-Gómez _{4,

5} , C P Carmona ₁

Affiliation

Mammalian life history strategies can be characterised by a few axes of variation, conforming a space where species are positioned based on the life history strategies favoured in the environment they exploit. Yet, we still lack global descriptions of the diversity of realised mammalian life history and how this diversity is shaped by the environment. We used six life history traits to build a life history space covering worldwide mammalian adaptation, and we explored how environmental realms (land, air, water) influence mammalian life history strategies. We demonstrate that realms are tightly linked to distinct life history strategies. Aquatic and aerial species predominantly adhere to slower life history strategies, while terrestrial species exhibit faster life histories. Highly encephalised terrestrial species are a notable exception to these patterns. Furthermore, we show that different mode of life may play a significant role in expanding the set of strategies exploitable in the terrestrial realm. Additionally, species transitioning between terrestrial and aquatic realms, such as seals, exhibit intermediate life history strategies. Our results provide compelling evidence of the link between environmental realms and the life history diversity of mammals, highlighting the importance of differences in mode of life to expand life history diversity.

中文翻译：

哺乳动物生活史的全球多样性：环境领域和进化适应

哺乳动物的生活史策略可以通过几个变异轴来表征，从而根据物种所利用的环境中偏爱的生活史策略来调整物种的定位空间。然而，我们仍然缺乏对已实现的哺乳动物生活史多样性的全球描述，以及这种多样性是如何由环境塑造的。我们使用六个生活史特征构建了一个涵盖全球哺乳动物适应的生活史空间，并探讨了环境领域（土地、空气、水）如何影响哺乳动物的生活史策略。我们证明领域与不同的生活史策略紧密相关。水生和气生物种主要遵循较慢的生活史策略，而陆生物种则表现出较快的生活史。高度脑化的陆地物种是这些模式的一个显着例外。此外，我们表明，不同的生活方式可能在扩展陆地领域可利用的策略集方面发挥重要作用。此外，在陆地和水生领域之间过渡的物种（例如海豹）表现出中间生活史策略。我们的研究结果提供了令人信服的证据，证明了环境领域与哺乳动物生活史多样性之间的联系，强调了生活方式差异对于扩大生活史多样性的重要性。

更新日期：2024-05-24

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