The Xianghualing large tin-polymetallic skarn deposit is located in the Nanling W-Sn metallogenic belt, South China, showing distinct spatial zoning of mineralization. From the contact between granite and carbonate rocks, the mineralization transitions from proximal skarn Sn ore to cassiterite-sulfide ore and more distal Pb–Zn-sulfide ore. This study reveals the fluid evolution and genetic links among these different ore types. The physical and chemical characteristics of fluid inclusions from each ore types indicate that the skarn Sn ore, cassiterite-sulfide ore, and Pb–Zn-sulfide ore all originated from the identical magmatic fluid exsolved from the Laiziling granite. Their formation, however, is controlled by diverse fluid evolutionary processes and host rock characteristics. The Sn–Pb-Zn-rich fluids were primarily derived from cooled and diluted magmatic brine, which is generated by boiling of initial single phase magmatic fluid. Mixing of magmatic brine with meteoric water is crucial to form skarn Sn ore. Redox reactions of aqueous Sn (II) complexes with As (III) species and/or minor CO₂ during short cooling period of ore-forming fluid is likely an effective mechanism to form high-grade cassiterite-sulfide ores, accompanied by favorable pH conditions maintained through interaction with carbonate host rocks. The later stage addition of meteoric water prompts the formation of Pb–Zn-sulfide ore. Comparing these findings with the characteristics of initial or pre-ore magmatic fluids in both mineralized and barren granitic systems indicates that high Sn content in the pre-ore fluids and the suitable fractional crystallization degree of the parent magma may determine high Sn mineralization potential in granitic magmatic-hydrothermal systems.

香花岭大型锡多金属矽卡岩矿床位于华南南岭钨锡成矿带，矿化空间分带明显。由于花岗岩和碳酸盐岩之间的接触，矿化从近端的矽卡岩锡矿过渡到锡石硫化物矿和更远端的铅锌硫化物矿。这项研究揭示了这些不同矿石类型之间的流体演化和遗传联系。各矿种流体包裹体的物理化学特征表明，夕卡岩锡矿、锡石硫化物矿、铅锌硫化物矿均来源于莱子岭花岗岩溶出的同一种岩浆流体。然而，它们的形成受到不同的流体演化过程和主岩特征的控制。富锡铅锌流体主要来源于冷却和稀释的岩浆卤水，它是由初始单相岩浆流体沸腾产生的。岩浆卤水与大气水的混合对于形成矽卡岩锡矿石至关重要。水性 Sn (II) 配合物与 As (III) 物质和/或少量 CO ₂ 在成矿流体短暂冷却期间发生的氧化还原反应可能是形成高品位锡石硫化物矿石的有效机制，伴随着通过与碳酸盐主岩相互作用维持的有利 pH 条件。后期加入大气水促使铅锌硫化矿的形成。将这些发现与矿化和贫瘠花岗岩系统中初始或成矿前岩浆流体的特征进行比较表明，成矿前流体中的高锡含量和母岩浆合适的分异结晶程度可能决定了花岗岩中高的锡成矿潜力。岩浆-热液系统。