Prophages carrying Zot toxins on different Vibrio genomes: A comprehensive assessment using multilayer networks,Environmental Microbiology

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Prophages carrying Zot toxins on different Vibrio genomes: A comprehensive assessment using multilayer networks
Environmental Microbiology ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-23 , DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16654
Esteban F Soto ₁ , Melissa Alegría ₂ , Felipe Sepúlveda ₃ , Katherine García ₄ , Gastón Higuera ₅ , Daniel Castillo ₆ , Francisco E Fontúrbel ₁ , Roberto Bastías ₁

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Vibrios, a group of bacteria that are among the most abundant in marine environments, include several species such as Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which can be pathogenic to humans. Some species of Vibrio contain prophages within their genomes. These prophages can carry genes that code for toxins, such as the zonula occludens toxin (Zot), which contribute to bacterial virulence. Understanding the association between different Vibrio species, prophages and Zot genes can provide insights into their ecological interactions. In this study, we evaluated 4619 Vibrio genomes from 127 species to detect the presence of prophages carrying the Zot toxin. We found 2030 potential prophages with zot‐like genes in 43 Vibrio species, showing a non‐random association within a primarily modular interaction network. Some prophages, such as CTX or Vf33, were associated with specific species. In contrast, prophages phiVCY and VfO3K6 were found in 28 and 20 Vibrio species, respectively. We also identified six clusters of Zot‐like sequences in prophages, with the ZOT2 cluster being the most frequent, present in 34 Vibrio species. This analysis helps to understand the distribution patterns of zot‐containing prophages across Vibrio genomes and the potential routes of Zot‐like toxin dissemination.

中文翻译：

不同弧菌基因组上携带 Zot 毒素的原噬菌体：使用多层网络的综合评估

弧菌是海洋环境中最丰富的一组细菌，包括多种物种，例如霍乱弧菌和副溶血弧菌，对人类可能致病。某些物种弧菌它们的基因组中含有前噬菌体。这些原噬菌体可以携带编码毒素的基因，例如导致细菌毒力的闭带毒素（Zot）。理解不同之间的关联弧菌物种、原噬菌体和 Zot 基因可以深入了解它们的生态相互作用。在这项研究中，我们评估了 4619弧菌来自 127 个物种的基因组，以检测携带 Zot 毒素的原噬菌体的存在。我们发现了 2030 个潜在的噬菌体佐特43 中的类基因弧菌物种，在主要模块化交互网络中显示出非随机关联。一些前噬菌体，例如 CTX 或 Vf33，与特定物种相关。相比之下，在 28 和 20 中发现了前噬菌体 phiVCY 和 VfO3K6弧菌种，分别。我们还在原噬菌体中鉴定出了 6 个 Zot 样序列簇，其中 ZOT2 簇是最常见的，存在于 34 个噬菌体中。弧菌物种。此分析有助于了解分布模式佐特包含跨弧菌基因组的前噬菌体以及类 Zot 毒素传播的潜在途径。

更新日期：2024-05-23

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