The proliferation of Wi-Fi devices has led to the rise of privacy concerns related to MAC Address-based systems used for people tracking and localization across various applications, such as smart cities, intelligent transportation systems, and marketing. These systems have highlighted the necessity for mobile device manufacturers to implement Randomized And Changing MAC address (RCM) techniques as a countermeasure for device identification. In response to the challenges posed by diverse RCM implementations, the IEEE has taken steps to standardize RCM operations through the 802.11aq Task Group (TG). However, while RCM implementation addresses some concerns, it can disrupt services that span both Layer 2 and upper-layers, which were originally designed assuming static MAC addresses. To address these challenges, the IEEE has established the 802.11bh TG, focusing on defining new device identification methods, particularly for Layer 2 services that require pre-association identification. Simultaneously, the IETF launched the MAC Address Device Identification for Network and Application Services (MADINAS) Working Group to investigate the repercussions of RCM on upper-layer services, including the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). Concurrently, derandomization techniques have emerged to counteract RCM defense mechanisms. The exploration of these techniques has suggested the need for a broader privacy enhancement framework for WLANs that goes beyond simple MAC address randomization. These findings have prompted the inception of the 802.11bi TG, which aims to compile an exhaustive list of potential privacy vulnerabilities and prerequisites for a more private IEEE 802.11 standard. In this context, this tutorial aims to provide insights into the motivations behind RCM, its implementation, and its evolution over the years. It elucidates the influence of RCM on network processes and services. Furthermore, the tutorial delves into the recent progress made within the domains of 802.11bh, 802.11bi, and MADINAS. It offers a thorough analysis of the initial work undertaken by these groups, along with an overview of the relevant research challenges. The tutorial objective is to inspire the research community to explore innovative approaches and solutions that contribute to the ongoing efforts to enhance WLAN privacy through standardization initiatives.

中文翻译：

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关于隐私、RCM 及其在 WLAN 中的影响的教程


Wi-Fi 设备的激增导致了与基于 MAC 地址的系统相关的隐私问题的增加，该系统用于跨各种应用程序（例如智能城市、智能交通系统和营销）进行人员跟踪和定位。这些系统强调了移动设备制造商实施随机和变化 MAC 地址 (RCM) 技术作为设备识别对策的必要性。为了应对不同 RCM 实施带来的挑战，IEEE 已采取措施通过 802.11aq 任务组 (TG) 标准化 RCM 操作。然而，虽然 RCM 的实现解决了一些问题，但它可能会中断跨越第 2 层和上层的服务，而这些服务最初是假设静态 MAC 地址而设计的。为了应对这些挑战，IEEE建立了802.11bh TG，重点定义新的设备识别方法，特别是针对需要预关联识别的第2层服务。同时，IETF 成立了网络和应用服务 MAC 地址设备识别 (MADINAS) 工作组，以调查 RCM 对上层服务（包括动态主机配置协议 (DHCP)）的影响。与此同时，去随机化技术也出现了，以对抗 RCM 防御机制。对这些技术的探索表明，WLAN 需要一个更广泛的隐私增强框架，而不仅仅是简单的 MAC 地址随机化。这些发现促使 802.11bi TG 成立，旨在编制一份详尽的潜在隐私漏洞列表以及更私密的 IEEE 802.11 标准的先决条件。 在此背景下，本教程旨在深入了解 RCM 背后的动机、其实施及其多年来的演变。它阐明了RCM对网络流程和服务的影响。此外，本教程还深入探讨了 802.11bh、802.11bi 和 MADINAS 领域的最新进展。它对这些小组所做的初步工作进行了全面分析，并概述了相关的研究挑战。本教程的目标是激励研究社区探索创新方法和解决方案，为通过标准化举措增强 WLAN 隐私性的持续努力做出贡献。