Microalgae are a group of microorganisms, mostly photoautotrophs with high CO fixation capacity, that have gained increased attention in the last decades due to their ability to produce a wide range of valuable metabolites, such as carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, for application in food/feed, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical industries. Their increasing relevance has highlighted the importance of identifying and culturing new bioactive-rich microalgae species, as well as of a thorough understanding of the growth conditions to optimize the biomass production and master the biochemical composition according to the desired application. Thus, this review intends to describe the main cell processes behind the production of carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in order to understand the possible main triggers responsible for the accumulation of those biocompounds. Their economic value and the biological relevance for human consumption are also summarized. In addition, an extensive review of the impact of culture conditions on microalgae growth performance and their biochemical composition is presented, focusing mainly on the studies involving Pavlovophyceae species. A complementary description of the biochemical composition of these microalgae is also presented, highlighting their potential applications as a promising bioresource of compounds for large-scale production and human and animal consumption.

中文翻译：

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巴甫洛沃藻科物种作为人类消费的有价值的类胡萝卜素和多不饱和脂肪酸来源的潜力


微藻是一类微生物，主要是具有高二氧化碳固定能力的光合自养生物，在过去几十年中由于其能够产生广泛的有价值的代谢物（例如类胡萝卜素和多不饱和脂肪酸）而受到越来越多的关注，这些代谢物用于食品/饲料、制药和药妆行业。它们的日益相关性凸显了识别和培养富含生物活性的新微藻物种的重要性，以及彻底了解生长条件以优化生物质生产并根据所需应用掌握生化成分的重要性。因此，本综述旨在描述类胡萝卜素和多不饱和脂肪酸产生背后的主要细胞过程，以了解导致这些生物化合物积累的可能主要触发因素。还总结了它们的经济价值和人类消费的生物相关性。此外，还对培养条件对微藻生长性能及其生化成分的影响进行了广泛的综述，主要集中在涉及巴甫洛藻纲物种的研究上。还对这些微藻的生化成分进行了补充描述，强调了它们作为大规模生产和人类和动物消费的有前景的化合物生物资源的潜在应用。