Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has inflorescences made up of multiple spikelets arranged along a central rachis, with each spikelet producing between one and four grains. The Grain Number Increase 1 (GNI‐A1) gene wheat directly influences grain number per spikelet and grain size. Three naturally occurring alleles have been described previously: GNI‐A1‐105N, 105Y, and 105K. This project's goal was to characterize the impact of these alleles within hard red spring wheat cultivars in Montana, where each of the alleles is common. The 105N allele and the 105K allele were compared through analysis of an F5 Vida by Spring‐Yellowstone recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, and with near isogenic lines (NILs) derived from the same population. The 105N allele and the 105Y allele were compared with NILs derived from an F4 Lanning by Egan RIL population. We analyzed the impact of each of the three alleles and compared their effects on inflorescence architecture, grain size, grain yield, grain quality, and milling quality under Bozeman, MT, field conditions. Data show that either loss‐of‐function alleles (105Y and 105K) increased grain number per spikelet by 5% when compared to the more functional allele (105N) across all years and environments tested. Overall grain size was not significantly reduced and there was also not a significant increase in overall grain yield.

中文翻译：

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粒数增加 1 等位基因 GNI-A1-105Y 和 ‐105K 增加春小麦的粒数


小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的花序由沿中央轴排列的多个小穗组成，每个小穗产生一到四粒谷物。粒数增加 1 (GNI-A1) 基因小麦直接影响每小穗的粒数和粒大小。先前已经描述了三种天然存在的等位基因：GNI-A1-105N、105Y 和 105K。该项目的目标是表征这些等位基因对蒙大拿州硬红春小麦品种的影响，每个等位基因在蒙大拿州都很常见。通过分析 Spring-Yellowstone 重组自交系 (RIL) 群体的 F5 Vida 以及来自同一群体的近等基因系 (NIL)，对 105N 等位基因和 105K 等位基因进行了比较。将 105N 等位基因和 105Y 等位基因与源自 F4 Lanning by Egan RIL 群体的 NIL 进行比较。我们分析了三个等位基因的影响，并比较了它们在 Bozeman、MT、田间条件下对花序结构、籽粒大小、籽粒产量、籽粒品质和碾磨品质的影响。数据显示，在所有测试年份和环境中，与功能更强的等位基因 (105N) 相比，功能丧失的等位基因 (105Y 和 105K) 使每个小穗的粒数增加了 5%。总体粒级没有明显下降，总体产量也没有明显增加。