Depression is a debilitating and poorly understood mental disorder. There is an urgency to explore new potential biological mechanisms of depression and the gut microbiota is a promising research area. Our study was aim to understand regional heterogeneity and potential molecular mechanisms underlying depression induced by dysbiosis of mucus-associated microbiota. Here, we only selected female macaques because they are more likely to form a natural social hierarchy in a harem-like environment. Because high-ranking macaques rarely displayed depressive-like behaviors, we selected seven monkeys from high-ranking individuals as control group (HC) and the same number of low-ranking ones as depressive-like group (DL), which displayed significant depressive-like behaviors. Then, we collected mucus from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon of DL and HC monkeys for shotgun metagenomic sequencing, to profile the biogeography of mucus-associated microbiota along duodenum to colon. Compared with HC, DL macaques displayed noticeable depressive-like behaviors such as longer duration of huddle and sit alone behaviors (negative emotion behaviors), and fewer duration of locomotion, amicable and ingestion activities (positive emotion behaviors). Moreover, the alpha diversity index (Chao) could predict aforementioned depressive-like behaviors along duodenum to colon. Further, we identified that genus was consistently decreased in DL group throughout the entire intestinal tract except for the jejunum. Specifically, there were 10, 18 and 28 decreased spp. identified in ileum, cecum and colon, respectively. Moreover, a bacterial module mainly composed of spp. was positively associated with three positive emotion behaviors. Functionally, was mainly involved in microbiota derived lipid metabolisms such as PPAR signaling pathway, cholesterol metabolism, and fat digestion and absorption. Different regions of intestinal mucus-associated microbiota revealed that depletion of genus is associated with depressive-like behaviors in female macaques, which might induce depressive phenotypes through regulating lipid metabolism.

中文翻译：

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肠道粘液相关微生物组的生物地理学：假单胞菌属的消耗与雌性食蟹猴的抑郁样行为有关


抑郁症是一种使人衰弱且人们知之甚少的精神疾病。迫切需要探索抑郁症的新的潜在生物学机制，而肠道微生物群是一个有前途的研究领域。我们的研究旨在了解粘液相关微生物群失调引起的抑郁症的区域异质性和潜在分子机制。在这里，我们只选择雌性猕猴，因为它们更有可能在后宫般的环境中形成自然的社会等级制度。由于高等级猕猴很少表现出抑郁样行为，我们从高等级个体中选择了7只猴子作为对照组（HC），并选择相同数量的低等级猕猴作为抑郁样组（DL），这些猴子表现出显着的抑郁行为。喜欢的行为。然后，我们从 DL 和 HC 猴的十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和结肠中收集粘液进行鸟枪法宏基因组测序，以分析沿十二指肠到结肠的粘液相关微生物群的生物地理学。与 HC 相比，DL 猕猴表现出明显的抑郁样行为，例如较长的挤作一团和独坐行为（消极情绪行为），以及较短的运动、友好和摄取活动（积极情绪行为）持续时间。此外，α多样性指数（Chao）可以预测上述沿着十二指肠到结肠的抑郁样行为。此外，我们发现 DL 组除空肠外整个肠道的属持续减少。具体而言，减少的物种有 10、18 和 28 个。分别在回肠、盲肠和结肠中发现。此外，主要由spp组成的细菌模块。与三种积极情绪行为呈正相关。 功能上，主要参与微生物来源的脂质代谢，如PPAR信号通路、胆固醇代谢、脂肪消化和吸收。肠道粘液相关微生物群的不同区域表明，属的消耗与雌性猕猴的抑郁样行为有关，这可能通过调节脂质代谢来诱导抑郁表型。