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Factors limiting the sustainable implementation of the rice-crayfish system in Hubei Province, China
Agricultural Systems ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104007 Shuhao Tan , Yaya Zhang , Qing Liu , Qingyong Zhang
Agricultural Systems ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104007 Shuhao Tan , Yaya Zhang , Qing Liu , Qingyong Zhang
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As the most popular model of rice-fish system (RFS) in China, the rice-crayfish system (RCS) has been shown to theoretically increase economic output and improve the ecological integrity of farmlands. Despite its importance, there are some issues to address. Many studies have been done based on the field experiments; however, present work was a comprehensive multistage survey which covered larger areas. Estimating the environmental efficiency (EE) of farmers' RCS and analyzing its limiting factors deserves more attention as farmers' behavior plays a key role in this respect. This study aimed to: (1) estimate EE, (2) determine the causes of differences in EE, and (3) analyze the factors restricting farmers' optimal application of the RCS. In total, 199 rice-crayfish farmers' field survey data collected across two cities of Hubei Province were applied to estimate the EE and determine its limiting factors. The EE of the RCS was calculated using the slack-based measure (SBM). The limiting factors were analyzed using the combined least absolute deviation model. The average land productivity and net profit of our sampled farmers were US$ 10,119 and 4364 per ha, respectively, with a rice yield of 7832 kg/ha and a crayfish yield of 1748 kg/ha, and EE value on average was 0.618. Overall, the large-scale (> 2 ha) farmers performed best in terms of profit and EE value. The SBM results showed that the input, desirable output and undesirable output inefficiencies were 0.311, 0.201 and 0.214, respectively. Redundant inputs such as drugs, feed and labor with redundancy ratios of 50%, 44% and 35%, respectively, resulted in the overall difference in EE performance. Enhancing farmers' education level, technical training, and organic fertilizer application and decreasing their part-time employment can improve the EE of RCS. The findings are expected to facilitate an improvement in production practices that target green agricultural development. Moreover, these results should act as a reference for the government and farmers in the formulation of relevant policies and to guide the implementation of RCS, respectively.
更新日期：2024-05-22
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