To improve the understanding of the dynamic disastrous process of field-scale rockslides, a novel numerical approach, Three-dimensional Discontinuous Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (3DSPH), was originally developed. This method comprehensively captures sequential stages of crack initiation and propagation, formation of contacts, frictional slip, catastrophic slides of rock masses, and final deposition, which was verified by three benchmark tests including the bouncing test of rigid balls, block sliding test and unconfined compression test of layered rock specimens. The approach was subsequently employed in the case of the Tangjiashan rockslide blocking valley event with particular attention paid to the influence of layered rock structure on the sliding and deposition processes. Field survey, geomorphological analysis and laboratory test of rock specimens were conducted to determine fundamental geological conditions and parameters required by the numerical simulation. Finally, 3D rockslide simulations with different rock layer thickness and strength subject to seismicity were conducted. The duration of the actual Tangjiashan rockslide's valley-blocking event (approximately 60 s) and the deposition area derived from the numerical simulation closely align with the field investigation. The rockslide mode is characterized by an ‘en masse’ motion with a peak sliding velocity of approximately 35–37 m/s. This single numerical code systematically elucidated the authentic attributes of the sliding process of large-scale rockslides, and realistically captured the characteristics of preservation of layered features within the sliding mass and ‘high-speed and short-distance’ movements with fluidization. These insights offer a fresh perspective for understanding the dynamics of large-scale rockslides with complex geological structures and subsequent accumulation processes.

中文翻译：

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基于三维不连续平滑粒子流体动力学的现场尺度岩体滑坡动力分析——以唐家山岩体滑坡为例


为了提高对现场规模岩石滑坡动态灾难过程的理解，最初开发了一种新颖的数值方法，即三维不连续平滑粒子流体动力学（3DSPH）。该方法全面捕捉了裂纹萌生和扩展、接触形成、摩擦滑移、岩体灾难性滑动和最终沉积的连续阶段，并通过刚性球弹跳试验、块体滑动试验和无侧限压缩三个基准试验进行了验证层状岩石标本的测试。随后将该方法应用于唐家山岩滑堵谷事件的案例中，特别关注层状岩石结构对滑动和沉积过程的影响。通过现场勘察、地貌分析和岩石标本室内试验，确定了数值模拟所需的基本地质条件和参数。最后，进行了受地震影响的不同岩层厚度和强度的 3D 岩石滑坡模拟。唐家山滑坡实际堵谷事件的持续时间（约60秒）和数值模拟得出的沉积面积与现场调查密切吻合。岩石滑坡模式的特点是“集体”运动，峰值滑动速度约为 35-37 m/s。这个单一的数值代码系统地阐明了大规模岩体滑坡滑动过程的真实属性，真实地捕捉了滑动体内部保留层状特征和流态化“高速短距离”运动的特征。 这些见解为理解具有复杂地质结构的大规模岩体滑坡的动力学和随后的堆积过程提供了新的视角。