The emergence of deepfakes has raised concerns among researchers, policymakers, and the public. However, many of these concerns stem from alarmism rather than well-founded evidence. This article provides an overview of what is currently known about deepfakes based on a systematic review of empirical research. It also examines and critically assesses regulatory responses globally through qualitative content analysis of policy and legal documents. The findings highlight gaps in our knowledge of deepfakes, making it difficult to assess the appropriateness and need for regulatory action. While deepfake technology may not introduce entirely new and unique regulatory problems at present, it can amplify existing problems such as the spread of non-consensual pornography and disinformation. Effective oversight and enforcement of existing rules, along with careful consideration of required adjustments will therefore be crucial. Altogether, this underscores the importance of more empirical research into the evolving challenges posed by deepfakes and calls for adaptive policy approaches.

中文翻译：

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我们对深度造假的了解和不了解：对研究和监管状况的调查


深度造假的出现引起了研究人员、政策制定者和公众的担忧。然而，其中许多担忧源于危言耸听，而不是有充分根据的证据。本文基于对实证研究的系统回顾，概述了目前对深度伪造的了解。它还通过对政策和法律文件的定性内容分析来检查和严格评估全球监管反应。研究结果突显了我们对深度造假的了解存在差距，使得评估监管行动的适当性和必要性变得困难。虽然深度造假技术目前可能不会带来全新且独特的监管问题，但它可能会放大现有的问题，例如未经同意的色情内容和虚假信息的传播。因此，有效监督和执行现有规则以及仔细考虑所需的调整至关重要。总而言之，这强调了对深度造假带来的不断变化的挑战进行更多实证研究的重要性，并呼吁采取适应性政策方法。