The electrode/electrolyte interface of inhomogeneous Zn deposition and water-induced side reactions has hampered the practical application of rechargeable Zn-ion batteries. By a strategy of anionic facilitation of macromolecule dissolution, we introduce an initially water-insoluble macrocyclic organic molecule, cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]), as a highly effective additive into the ZnSO₄ electrolyte. The horizontal adsorption of CB[6] molecules on the surface of the Zn anode, forming an H₂O/SO₄²⁻ shielding layer, inhibits side reactions. The existence of zincophilic sites optimizes the diffusion behavior of Zn²⁺, inducing epitaxial deposition of Zn²⁺ along the (002) lattice plane. This effectively eliminates rampant dendrite growth. Remarkably, a trace amount of the CB[6] additive results in an ultra-long life of 4160 hours (>173 days) in a symmetrical cell at 1 mA cm⁻² and 1 mA h cm⁻², and long-term stability of over 1100 hours and 480 hours even at a high current density of 10 mA cm⁻² and a high DOD of 34.2%, respectively. Also, Zn‖PANI full batteries show an ultra-long cycle life of 7600 cycles and 98.8% capacity retention. Significantly, a pouch cell with high-loading mass (13.5 mg cm⁻²) exhibits impressive capacity retention (90.9%) at a rate of 0.5 A g⁻¹.

中文翻译：

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阴离子促进CB[6]大分子溶解稳定锌离子电池


电极/电解质界面的不均匀锌沉积和水引起的副反应阻碍了可充电锌离子电池的实际应用。通过阴离子促进大分子溶解的策略，我们引入了一种最初不溶于水的大环有机分子葫芦[6]脲（CB[6]），作为ZnSO ₄ 电解质中的高效添加剂。 CB[6]分子在Zn阳极表面水平吸附，形成H ₂ O/SO ₄ ²⁻ 屏蔽层，抑制副反应。亲锌位点的存在优化了 Zn ²⁺ 的扩散行为，诱导 Zn ²⁺ 沿 (002) 晶格平面外延沉积。这有效地消除了猖獗的枝晶生长。值得注意的是，痕量的 CB[6] 添加剂可使对称电池在 1 mA cm ⁻² 和 1 mA h cm ⁻² ，即使在10 mA cm的高电流密度 ⁻² 和34.2%的高DOD下，长期稳定性也分别超过1100小时和480小时。此外，Zn‖PANI全电池具有7600次循环的超长循环寿命和98.8%的容量保持率。值得注意的是，具有高负载质量（13.5 mg cm ⁻² ）的软包电池在 0.5 A g ⁻¹ 倍率下表现出令人印象深刻的容量保持率（90.9%）。