The loess hilly region is one of the most fragile areas in China. Many ecological restoration projects in this region are equivalent to simple afforestation and grass planting, with large investment and low benefits. Based on the concept of reference ecosystem, this study uses remote sensing data and vegetation community survey of Wanhuigou catchment, and applies methods such as redundancy analysis and GeoDetector to explore the characteristics of topography, soil, and vegetation of reference ecosystem, so as to provide restoration standards for damaged or degraded ecosystems in a small watershed. Thirteen typical and representative areas are selected to evaluate the degree of ecosystem damage and resilience, and divided into four categories according to the evaluation results and characteristics of ecosystems. Corresponding restoration measures such as protection and conservation, natural restoration, auxiliary regeneration, and ecological reconstruction are adopted for ecosystems under different scenarios with reference ecosystems as the target, and the effectiveness of implementation is assessed. The results show that the combination conditions of elevation and slope have a very important influence on the distribution of ecosystems. In the process of ecological restoration, it is necessary to deeply grasp the characteristics of soil and species diversity within the same community and among different communities, as well as their interrelationships. Adaptive restoration measures for ecosystems in different situations are conducive to the sustainability and effectiveness of ecosystem restoration. Given the complexity and diversity of habitat conditions and plant community types in Wanhuigou catchment, the results have certain universality, which can provide reference for the comprehensive management of other small watersheds in the loess hilly region, so as to achieve sustainable construction and restoration of ecosystems as well as harmonious development between humans and nature.

中文翻译：

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参考生态系统构建与适应性恢复效果评价——以黄土丘陵区小流域为例


黄土丘陵地区是我国最脆弱的地区之一。该地区很多生态修复项目相当于简单的植树造林、种草，投资大、效益低。本研究基于参考生态系统的概念，利用遥感数据和万汇沟流域植被群落调查，运用冗余分析、GeoDetector等方法探讨参考生态系统的地形、土壤和植被特征，为研究提供参考生态系统的地形、土壤和植被特征。小流域受损或退化生态系统的恢复标准。选择13个典型、有代表性的地区进行生态系统受损程度和恢复力评价，根据评价结果和生态系统特征分为四类。以参考生态系统为目标，对不同情景下的生态系统采取相应的保护养护、自然恢复、辅助更新、生态重建等恢复措施，并评估实施效果。结果表明，海拔和坡度的组合条件对生态系统的分布具有非常重要的影响。在生态修复过程中，需要深入掌握同一群落内部和不同群落之间的土壤和物种多样性特征及其相互关系。针对不同情况的生态系统采取适应性恢复措施，有利于生态系统恢复的可持续性和有效性。 鉴于万汇沟流域生境条件和植物群落类型的复杂性和多样性，研究结果具有一定的普适性，可为黄土丘陵区其他小流域的综合治理提供参考，实现生态系统的可持续建设和恢复以及人与自然的和谐发展。