Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is an uncommon cause of urinary incontinence (UI). Iatrogenic etiologies, especially abdominal hysterectomy, are most common; however, a minority of VVFs are caused by retained foreign bodies. Objects associated with VVF include intrauterine devices, gauze, pessaries, bottle caps, and sexual aids, but retained tampons or other menstrual products have not been commonly reported.

中文翻译：

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保留的卫生棉条片段是膀胱阴道瘘的不常见原因。


膀胱阴道瘘 （VVF） 是尿失禁 （UI） 的不常见原因。医源性病因，尤其是经腹子宫切除术，最常见;然而，少数 VVF 是由残留的异物引起的。与 VVF 相关的物品包括宫内节育器、纱布、子宫托、瓶盖和性辅助工具，但残留的卫生棉条或其他月经产品并不常见。