Climate warming increasingly drives changes in large-scale ocean physics and biogeochemistry, and affects the kinetics of biological reactions. Together these factors govern phytoplankton productivity, thereby shaping the responses of ocean carbon and nutrient cycles to global change. Here we bring together results from experimental, observational and modelling studies to highlight how interactive feedbacks between warming and nutrient limitation can affect the responses of biogeochemically critical marine primary producers. The availability of many bioactive elements in seawater will be altered markedly in the future, thereby shifting resource deficiencies. These modifications to nutrient limitation when compounded by concurrent warming can change phytoplankton optimum growth temperatures and elemental use efficiencies in group-specific and nutrient-specific ways. The biogeochemical impacts of these nutrient and warming interactions reflect a distinction between the thermal reactivity of major cellular structural elements like nitrogen (N) and catalytic micronutrients like iron (Fe). Integrating the mechanistic feedbacks between warming, nutrient availability and primary productivity into Earth system models is necessary to improve confidence in projections of ocean biogeochemical cycle transformations in a changing climate.

气候变暖日益推动大规模海洋物理和生物地球化学的变化，并影响生物反应的动力学。这些因素共同控制浮游植物的生产力，从而影响海洋碳和营养循环对全球变化的响应。在这里，我们汇集了实验、观察和建模研究的结果，以强调变暖和营养限制之间的相互作用反馈如何影响生物地球化学关键海洋初级生产者的反应。未来海水中许多生物活性元素的可用性将发生显着改变，从而改变资源短缺的情况。这些对养分限制的改变与同时变暖相结合，可以以特定群体和特定养分的方式改变浮游植物的最佳生长温度和元素利用效率。这些营养物质和变暖相互作用的生物地球化学影响反映了氮 (N) 等主要细胞结构元素和铁 (Fe) 等催化微量营养素之间的热反应性之间的区别。将变暖、养分可用性和初级生产力之间的机械反馈整合到地球系统模型中对于提高气候变化中海洋生物地球化学循环转变预测的信心是必要的。