The Arctic is undergoing rapid changes in climate, altering the status and functioning of high-latitude soils and permafrost. The vast majority of studies on Arctic soils and permafrost are conducted during the summer period due to ease of accessibility, sampling, instrument operation, and making measurements, in comparison to during winter and transition seasons. However, there is increasing evidence that microbial activity continues in Arctic soils outside of the summer period. Moreover, it is becoming clear that understanding the seasonal dynamics of Arctic soils is of critical importance, especially considering that the under-studied winter is the period that is most sensitive to climate warming. Soil biogeochemical models have advanced our understanding of the functioning and fate of soils in the Arctic, however it is vital that seasonality in biotic and abiotic processes is accurately captured in these models. Here we synthesize recent investigations and observations of the year-round functioning of Arctic soils, review soil biogeochemical modelling frameworks, and highlight certain processes and behaviors that are shaped by seasonality and thus warrant particular consideration within these models. More attention to seasonal processes will be critical to improving datasets and soil biogeochemical models that can be used to understand the year-round functioning of soils and the fate of the soil carbon reservoir in the Arctic.

中文翻译：

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北极土壤的季节动态：通过测量和土壤生物地球化学模型捕捉全年过程


北极正在经历快速的气候变化，改变了高纬度土壤和永久冻土的状况和功能。与冬季和过渡季节相比，由于易于获取、采样、仪器操作和测量，绝大多数关于北极土壤和永久冻土的研究都是在夏季进行的。然而，越来越多的证据表明，夏季以外的北极土壤中微生物活动仍在继续。此外，越来越明显的是，了解北极土壤的季节性动态至关重要，特别是考虑到研究不足的冬季是对气候变暖最敏感的时期。土壤生物地球化学模型增进了我们对北极土壤功能和命运的理解，但在这些模型中准确捕捉生物和非生物过程的季节性至关重要。在这里，我们综合了最近对北极土壤全年功能的调查和观察，回顾了土壤生物地球化学模型框架，并强调了由季节性影响的某些过程和行为，因此在这些模型中值得特别考虑。更多地关注季节性过程对于改进数据集和土壤生物地球化学模型至关重要，这些模型可用于了解土壤的全年功能和北极土壤碳库的命运。