In addition to cultural and demographic diversity, temporal diversity is increasingly recognized as a crucial factor affecting the dynamics and performance of global virtual teams (GVTs). However, research on temporal diversity tends to analyze the effects of only one source of timing differences at a time: either only time-zone differences or only chronotype differences among the team members. Such a single-focus approach is limiting, and could lead to biased conclusions. We provide a conceptual model that shows how analyzing only one source of temporal diversity at a time can produce an incomplete and even misleading picture. Based on the analysis of different temporal activation patternings, namely the arrangements of timing when team members can fully engage in project-related tasks, we demonstrate how the interplay between time zones and chronotypes can exacerbate or mitigate temporal diversity, resulting in temporal patterns that could be more or less advantageous for a GVT, depending on the team characteristics and nature of its task. We discuss the implications of failing to simultaneously consider both sources of temporal differences when analyzing timing differences among GVT members and provide a guide for future research and practice for handling the issue of temporal diversity more effectively.

除了文化和人口多样性之外，时间多样性也越来越被认为是影响全球虚拟团队（GVT）动态和绩效的关键因素。然而，对时间多样性的研究倾向于一次只分析一种时间差异来源的影响：要么只有时区差异，要么只有团队成员之间的时间类型差异。这种单一焦点的方法是有局限性的，并且可能导致有偏见的结论。我们提供了一个概念模型，该模型显示了一次仅分析一个时间多样性来源如何会产生不完整甚至误导性的图片。基于对不同时间激活模式的分析，即团队成员可以充分参与项目相关任务的时间安排，我们演示了时区和时间类型之间的相互作用如何加剧或减轻时间多样性，从而导致时间模式可以对于 GVT 或多或少有利，具体取决于团队特征及其任务性质。我们讨论了在分析 GVT 成员之间的时间差异时未能同时考虑时间差异的两个来源的影响，并为未来的研究和实践提供指导，以更有效地处理时间多样性问题。