Abstract:

Drawing from critical race theorists and focusing on premodern ideas of race, inheritance, and hereditary imprinting, this essay explores the alternative possibilities for governance suggested by Luis Vélez de Guevara in Virtudes vencen señales through his conceptualization of race, inherited traits, gender, and exemplarity. As the play's semiotic argument is anticipated by its title, an examination of exemplarity and precisely coded "señales"—that is, "signs," or "marks"—helps inform the disparity between who is initially assumed to be "virtuous" and who is ultimately proven to be so. The "señales" represented in the play confront ideas of political and hereditary continuity and rigid theories of legal and genetic succession that account for, mitigate, and hierarchize difference. In its engagement with exemplarity via key intertextual borrowings, Virtudes situates race and gender as the problematic backdrop for gauging an exemplar's replicability against its singularity and difference, thus offering a pointed critique of governmental continuity and hierarchal understandings of inheritance.

 抽象的：

本文借鉴批判种族理论家的观点，重点关注种族、继承和遗传印记等前现代观念，通过对种族、继承特征、性别和典范的概念化，探讨了路易斯·贝莱斯·德·格瓦拉在《Virtudes vencen señales》中提出的治理的替代可能性。 。正如该剧的标题所预示的符号学论证一样，对范例和精确编码的“señales”（即“符号”或“记号”）的检查有助于了解最初被认为是“有道德的”人和谁之间的差异最终证明确实如此。剧中所代表的“señales”面临着政治和世袭连续性的观念以及法律和遗传继承的严格理论，这些理论解释、减轻和划分了差异。在通过关键的互文借用与典范性接触时，美德将种族和性别作为衡量典范的可复制性与其独特性和差异性的有问题的背景，从而对政府的连续性和对继承的等级理解提出了尖锐的批评。