Wild crop germplasm and landrace varieties have long been considered as a source of novel genetic variation for improving domesticated crops. Due to genetic bottlenecks that occurred during domestication, dissemination, and subsequent crop improvement, many beneficial genes are absent from commercial varieties and elite breeding germplasm, yet are still present in wild populations. To catalog potential novel disease resistance genes useful for breeding more resilient dry beans, we screened wild and landrace Phaseolus vulgaris L. accessions archived in the USDA GRIN seed bank for untapped resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV). A population of 194 wild and 55 landrace accessions were screened for resistance to two highly virulent races of anthracnose (race 2047 and race 3481) and for resistance to the BCMNV strain NL‐3. Thirteen accessions, all wild, were resistant to both anthracnose races, with MX‐QT‐3 and PI 661812 displaying complete resistance with no disease symptoms across all replications. Surprisingly, no natural resistance to BCMNV strain NL‐3 was detected in the wild germplasm. PI 442541, PI 661891, and W6 10164 were the only three accessions that expressed the I‐gene phenotype and all three have some history of cultivation. This study provides a resource for introgression of genetic diversity for anthracnose resistance into cultivated beans and reveals that innate resistance to BCMNV may not exist in wild populations of P. vulgaris.

中文翻译：

---

野生和地方品种菜豆 (Phaseolus vulgaris (L.)) 遗传种群对炭疽病和菜豆常见花叶坏死病毒的抗性


野生作物种质和地方品种长期以来被认为是改良驯化作物的新遗传变异的来源。由于驯化、传播和随后的作物改良过程中出现的遗传瓶颈，许多有益基因在商业品种和优良育种种质中缺失，但在野生种群中仍然存在。为了对可用于培育更有弹性的干豆的潜在新型抗病基因进行编目，我们筛选了美国农业部 GRIN 种子库中存档的野生和地方品种菜豆种质，以检测其对炭疽病 (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) 和菜豆常见花叶坏死病毒 (BCMNV) 的未开发抗性。对 194 个野生品种和 55 个地方品种的群体进行了筛选，以确定其对两个高毒力炭疽病品种（2047 品种和 3481 品种）的抗性以及对 BCMNV 菌株 NL-3 的抗性。 13 个均为野生的材料对两种炭疽病小种均具有抗性，其中 MX-QT-3 和 PI 661812 显示出完全抗性，在所有复制中均未出现疾病症状。令人惊讶的是，在野生种质中没有检测到对 BCMNV NL-3 株的天然抗性。 PI 442541、PI 661891 和 W6 10164 是仅有的三个表达 I 基因表型的材料，并且这三个材料都有一定的栽培历史。这项研究为将炭疽病抗性遗传多样性引入栽培豆提供了资源，并揭示了 P. vulgaris 野生种群中可能不存在对 BCMNV 的先天抗性。