Livestock populations are under constant selective pressure for higher productivity levels for different selective purposes. This pressure results in the selection of animals with unique adaptive and production traits. The study of genomic regions associated with these unique characteristics has the potential to improve biological knowledge regarding the adaptive process and how it is connected to production levels and resilience, which is the ability of an animal to adapt to stress or an imbalance in homeostasis. Sheep is a species that has been subjected to several natural and artificial selective pressures during its history, resulting in a highly specialized species for production and adaptation to challenging environments. Here, the data from multiple studies that aim at mapping selective sweeps across the sheep genome associated with production and adaptation traits were integrated to identify confirmed selective sweeps (CSS). In total, 37 studies were used to identify 518 CSS across the sheep genome, which were classified as production (147 prodCSS) and adaptation (219 adapCSS) CSS based on the frequency of each type of associated study. The genes within the CSS were associated with relevant biological processes for adaptation and production. For example, for adapCSS, the associated genes were related to the control of seasonality, circadian rhythm, and thermoregulation. On the other hand, genes associated with prodCSS were related to the control of feeding behaviour, reproduction, and cellular differentiation. In addition, genes harbouring both prodCSS and adapCSS showed an interesting association with lipid metabolism, suggesting a potential role of this process in the regulation of pleiotropic effects between these classes of traits. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic link between productivity and adaptability in sheep breeds. This information may provide insights into the genetic mechanisms that underlie undesirable genetic correlations between these two groups of traits and pave the way for a better understanding of resilience as a positive ability to respond to environmental stressors, where the negative effects on production level are minimized.

中文翻译：

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绵羊基因组选择性扫描的整合：了解生产和适应性状之间的关系


为了不同的选择目的，牲畜种群不断面临着更高生产力水平的选择压力。这种压力导致选择具有独特适应和生产特征的动物。对与这些独特特征相关的基因组区域的研究有可能提高有关适应过程及其与生产水平和恢复力（动物适应压力或体内平衡不平衡的能力）之间的关系的生物学知识。绵羊是一个在其历史上经历过多种自然和人工选择压力的物种，导致其成为生产和适应挑战性环境的高度专业化的物种。在这里，来自多项旨在绘制与生产和适应性状相关的绵羊基因组选择性扫描图谱的研究的数据被整合，以识别确认的选择性扫描（CSS）。总共使用了 37 项研究来鉴定绵羊基因组中的 518 个 CSS，根据每种相关研究的频率将其分为生产 CSS (147 prodCSS) 和适应 CSS (219 adapCSS)。 CSS 内的基因与适应和生产的相关生物过程相关。例如，对于adapCSS，相关基因与季节性、昼夜节律和体温调节的控制有关。另一方面，与 prodCSS 相关的基因与摄食行为、繁殖和细胞分化的控制有关。此外，同时含有 prodCSS 和 adapCSS 的基因显示出与脂质代谢的有趣关联，表明该过程在调节这些性状类别之间的多效性效应中具有潜在作用。 这项研究的结果有助于更深入地了解绵羊品种生产力和适应性之间的遗传联系。这些信息可以深入了解这两组性状之间不良遗传相关性的遗传机制，并为更好地理解弹性作为应对环境压力源的积极能力铺平道路，其中对生产水平的负面影响最小化。