Preclinical modelling is a crucial component of advancing the understanding of cancer biology and therapeutic development. Several models exist for understanding the pathobiology of bladder cancer and evaluating therapeutics. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN)-induced bladder cancer is a commonly used model that recapitulates many of the features of human disease. Particularly in mice, BBN is a preferred laboratory model owing to a high level of reproducibility, high genetic fidelity to the human condition, and its relative ease of use. However, important aspects of the model are often overlooked in laboratory studies. Moreover, the advent of new models has yielded a variety of methodologies that complement the use of BBN. Toxicokinetics, histopathology, molecular genetics and sex can differ between available models and are important factors to consider in bladder cancer modelling.

临床前建模是促进对癌症生物学和治疗开发理解的重要组成部分。有几种模型可用于了解膀胱癌的病理学和评估治疗方法。N-丁基-N-（4-羟基丁基）-亚硝胺 （BBN） 诱导的膀胱癌是一种常用的模型，它概括了人类疾病的许多特征。特别是在小鼠中，BBN 是首选的实验室模型，因为它具有高水平的可重复性、对人类状况的高遗传保真度以及相对易于使用。然而，在实验室研究中，该模型的重要方面经常被忽视。此外，新模型的出现产生了多种补充 BBN 使用的方法。毒代动力学、组织病理学、分子遗传学和性别在可用模型之间可能有所不同，是膀胱癌建模中需要考虑的重要因素。