Polymer vesicles are of profound interest for designing delivery vehicles and nanoreactors toward a variety of biomedical and catalytic applications, yet robust synthesis of stable and permeable vesicles remains challenging. Here, we propose an electrostatic-templated polymerization that enables fabrication of polyelectrolyte vesicles with simultaneously regulated stability and permeability. In our design, cationic monomers were copolymerized with cross-linkers in the presence of a polyanionic-neutral diblock copolymer as a template. By properly choosing the block length ratio of the template, we fabricated a type of polyion complex vesicle consisting of a cross-linked cationic membrane, electrostatically assembled with the template copolymer which can be removed by sequential dissociation and separation under concentrated salt. We finally obtained stable polyelectrolyte vesicles of regulated size, membrane permeability, and response properties by tuning the synthesis factors including ionic strength, cross-linker type, and fraction as well as different monomers and concentrations. As a proof-of-concept, lipase was loaded in the designed cationic vesicles, which exhibited enhanced enzyme stability and activity. Our study has developed a novel and robust strategy for controllable synthesis of a new class of stable and permeable polymer (polyelectrolyte) vesicles that feature great potential applications as functional delivery carriers and nanoreactors.

中文翻译：

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稳健的静电模板聚合用于可控合成稳定且可渗透的聚电解质囊泡


聚合物囊泡对于设计各种生物医学和催化应用的运载工具和纳米反应器具有浓厚的兴趣，但稳定且可渗透的囊泡的稳健合成仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们提出了一种静电模板聚合，可以制造同时调节稳定性和渗透性的聚电解质囊泡。在我们的设计中，在聚阴离子-中性二嵌段共聚物作为模板的情况下，阳离子单体与交联剂共聚。通过适当选择模板的嵌段长度比，我们制备了一种由交联阳离子膜组成的聚离子复合囊泡，其与模板共聚物静电组装，可以通过在浓盐下连续解离和分离而去除。通过调整离子强度、交联剂类型和分数以及不同单体和浓度等合成因素，我们最终获得了具有调节尺寸、膜渗透性和响应特性的稳定聚电解质囊泡。作为概念验证，脂肪酶被加载到设计的阳离子囊泡中，其表现出增强的酶稳定性和活性。我们的研究开发了一种新颖而稳健的策略，用于可控合成新型稳定且可渗透的聚合物（聚电解质）囊泡，该囊泡具有作为功能递送载体和纳米反应器的巨大潜在应用。