BackgroundHigh‐intensity interval training (HIIT) is characterized by repeated bouts of relatively intense exercise interspersed with recovery periods. Previous studies have evaluated this exercise strategy with various population subgroups, regimens, and comparator groups, limiting the generalizability of findings. We performed a novel umbrella review to generate an up‐to‐date synthesis of the available evidence regarding the effect of HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adults as compared to non‐exercise control and traditional continuous forms of exercise such as moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT).MethodsAn umbrella review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews guideline. Seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were searched until February 2024. Systematic reviews with meta‐analyses comparing HIIT and active/non‐active control conditions were included. Literature search, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment (AMSTAR‐2) were conducted independently by two reviewers.ResultsTwenty‐four systematic reviews with meta‐analyses, representing 429 primary studies and 12 967 unique participants, met the inclusion criteria. Most of the systematic reviews received moderate‐to‐critically low AMSTAR‐2 scores. The data showed that HIIT, including the particularly intense variant “sprint interval training” (SIT), significantly increases CRF in adults compared to non‐exercise control (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.28 to 4.31; weighted mean difference [WMD]: 3.25 to 5.5 mL/kg/min) and MICT (SMD: 0.18 to 0.99; WMD: 0.52 to 3.76 mL/kg/min). This effect was consistently observed across specific groups of individuals (e.g., apparently healthy adults, individuals with overweight/obesity, older adults, and high‐level athletes) and HIIT modalities (e.g., low‐volume HIIT, whole‐body HIIT, home‐based HIIT, aquatic HIIT, and short SIT).ConclusionExisting evidence from systematic reviews consistently supports the effect of HIIT on enhancing CRF in adults when compared to non‐exercise control and MICT. Our findings offer a comprehensive basis that may potentially contribute to informing physical activity guidelines aimed at improving CRF in the general population.

中文翻译：

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成人高强度间歇训练和心肺健康：系统评价和荟萃分析的综合评价


背景高强度间歇训练（HIIT）的特点是重复进行相对剧烈的运动，并穿插恢复期。先前的研究已经用不同的人群亚组、方案和比较组评估了这种运动策略，限制了研究结果的普遍性。我们进行了一项新颖的总体综述，对有关 HIIT 与非运动控制和传统连续运动形式（例如中等强度运动）相比对成人心肺健康 (CRF) 的影响的现有证据进行了最新综合持续培训（MICT）。方法根据审查概述的首选报告项目指南进行了伞式审查。截至 2024 年 2 月，对七个数据库（MEDLINE、EMBASE、Cochrane Database、CINAHL、Scopus、SPORTDiscus 和 Web of Science）进行了检索。其中包括比较 HIIT 和主动/非主动控制条件的荟萃分析的系统评价。文献检索、数据提取和方法学质量评估 (AMSTAR-2) 由两名评审员独立进行。结果 24 项系统评价与荟萃分析，代表 429 项初步研究和 12 967 名独特参与者，符合纳入标准。大多数系统评价的 AMSTAR-2 评分为中度至极低。数据显示，与非运动对照相比，HIIT，包括特别强烈的变体“冲刺间歇训练”(SIT)，显着提高了成人的 CRF（标准化平均差 [S​​MD]：0.28 至 4.31；加权平均差 [WMD]： 3.25 至 5.5 mL/kg/min）和 MICT（SMD：0.18 至 0.99；WMD：0.52 至 3.76 mL/kg/min）。在特定的个体群体中（例如，、表面健康的成年人、超重/肥胖的人、老年人和高水平运动员）和 HIIT 模式（例如低量 HIIT、全身 HIIT、家庭 HIIT、水中 HIIT 和短时间 SIT）。结论现有与非运动控制和 MICT 相比，系统评价的证据一致支持 HIIT 对增强成人 CRF 的作用。我们的研究结果提供了一个全面的基础，可能有助于为旨在改善普通人群 CRF 的体育活动指南提供信息。