The contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been mainly applied to adults to differentiate benign and malignant renal lesions, however, the characteristics of CEUS in pediatric has not been as well studied as in adults. In the present work, the eligible pediatric patients who underwent renal CEUS between March 2016 and February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. It included 20 lesions (median diameter, 8.4 cm; range, 1.8–18.0 cm) from 20 patients (median age, 28.0 months; range, 3.0–212.0 months; 9 boys) in malignant group and 5 lesions (median diameter, 3.8 cm; range, 1.3–7.5 cm) from 5 patients (median age, 25.0 months; range, 0.7–216.0 months; 2 boys) in benign group. The diagnostic performance was assessed. Nonparametric and Chi-square tests were performed. With hyperenhancement plus wash-out, CEUS showed a sensitivity of 95.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 75.1%, 99.9%], a specificity of 80.0% (CI: 28.4%, 99.5%), a positive predictive value of 95.0% (CI: 75.1%, 99.9%) and a negative predictive value of 80.0% (CI: 28.4%, 99.5%). It suggested that CEUS is a valuable technique for identifying between malignant and benign renal lesions in children.

超声造影（CEUS）主要应用于成人鉴别良恶性肾脏病变，然而，儿童CEUS的特点尚未像成人那样得到充分研究。在本工作中，对2016年3月至2023年2月期间接受肾脏CEUS的符合条件的儿科患者进行了回顾性分析。包括恶性组 20 名患者（中位年龄 28.0 个月；范围 3.0-212.0 个月；9 名男孩）20 个病灶（中位直径 8.4 cm；范围 1.8-18.0 cm）和 5 个病灶（中位直径 3.8 cm） ；范围，1.3-7.5 cm）来自良性组中的 5 名患者（中位年龄，25.0 个月；范围，0.7-216.0 个月；2 名男孩）。评估了诊断性能。进行了非参数检验和卡方检验。通过超增强加洗脱，CEUS 显示的敏感性为 95.0% [95% 置信区间 (CI)：75.1%、99.9%]，特异性为 80.0%（CI：28.4%、99.5%），阳性预测值为95.0%（CI：75.1%、99.9%），阴性预测值为 80.0%（CI：28.4%、99.5%）。这表明超声造影是鉴别儿童恶性和良性肾脏病变的一种有价值的技术。