Insecticide resistance in malaria vector populations poses a major threat to malaria control, which relies largely on insecticidal interventions. Contemporary vector-control strategies focus on combatting resistance using multiple insecticides with differing modes of action within the mosquito. However, diverse genetic resistance mechanisms are present in vector populations, and continue to evolve. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of these genetic mechanisms, and how they impact the efficacy of different insecticidal products, is critical to inform intervention deployment decisions. We developed a catalogue of genetic-resistance mechanisms in African malaria vectors that could guide molecular surveillance. We highlight situations where intervention deployment has led to resistance evolution and spread, and identify challenges in understanding and mitigating the epidemiological impacts of resistance.

疟疾病媒群体的杀虫剂抗药性对疟疾控制构成重大威胁，而疟疾控制在很大程度上依赖于杀虫干预措施。当代病媒控制策略的重点是使用多种杀虫剂在蚊子体内发挥不同的作用方式来对抗耐药性。然而，媒介群体中存在多种遗传抗性机制，并且还在不断进化。了解这些遗传机制的空间分布以及它们如何影响不同杀虫产品的功效对于为干预部署决策提供信息至关重要。我们开发了非洲疟疾病媒的遗传抗性机制目录，可以指导分子监测。我们重点介绍了干预部署导致耐药性演变和传播的情况，并确定了理解和减轻耐药性流行病学影响方面的挑战。