Rape is a form of gender-based violence in which the line between coercion and consent is frequently blurred or contested. What happens when a court system broadens its definition of rape to include a broader range of coercive and potentially nonconsensual behaviors? In recent decades, South Korean courts have shifted the scope of coercion required for rape convictions, expanding from direct to indirect force to cover a broader range of rape cases. In this article, I investigate what has and has not changed with the expanded definition of coercion, through quantitative and qualitative analysis of 872 South Korean court decisions between 2013 and 2020. The analysis demonstrates that, despite a broader definition of coercion, the coercion-based rape model reinforces gender hierarchy by depicting the victim as the one who is supposed to be severely injured and ashamed in order to be believed. This study contributes to a better understanding of what we lose when femininity is defined by vulnerability, and it also engages the global debate over coercion-based versus consent-based legal models for rape adjudications.

中文翻译：

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受伤与羞耻：韩国扩大强制强奸模式的局限性


强奸是一种基于性别的暴力形式，其中强迫与同意之间的界限经常变得模糊或存在争议。当法院系统扩大强奸的定义以包括更广泛的胁迫行为和潜在的非自愿行为时，会发生什么？近几十年来，韩国法院改变了强奸定罪所需的强制范围，从直接武力扩大到间接武力，以涵盖更广泛的强奸案件。在本文中，我通过对 2013 年至 2020 年间 872 项韩国法院判决的定量和定性分析，调查了随着胁迫定义的扩大而发生和未发生变化的情况。分析表明，尽管胁迫的定义更广泛，但胁迫 -基于强奸的模型通过将受害者描绘成应该受到严重伤害和羞耻才能被相信的人，从而强化了性别等级。这项研究有助于更好地理解当女性气质被定义为脆弱性时我们会失去什么，并且它还引发了关于基于强制与基于同意的强奸裁决法律模式的全球辩论。