This article analyses immigrant entrepreneurship in different urban contexts and recognizes its significant impact on the economic and sociocultural development of cities. Immigrant entrepreneurs are often concentrated in neighbourhoods and promote diversified economic activities. The mixed embeddedness (ME) framework highlights the complex interplay of contextual, economic and institutional factors that shape immigrant entrepreneurship. As a source of social capital, entrepreneurial networks provide access to resources and opportunities. Despite all progress, the systematic analysis and quantification of embeddedness among immigrant entrepreneurs remains a challenge. This article aims to understand how different urban contexts shape various entrepreneurial strategies by quantifying forms of embeddedness. To pursue this goal, we examined the entrepreneurial strategies of Sri Lankans in Rione Sanità (Naples, Italy) and Pakistani entrepreneurs in Rusholme (Manchester, United Kingdom). By using social network analysis, this article reveals distinct forms of embeddedness and how the characteristics of urban contexts and groups simultaneously help define differences in entrepreneurial strategies.

中文翻译：

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超越混合嵌入：那不勒斯和曼彻斯特移民企业家的多层次个人网络


本文分析了不同城市背景下的移民创业，并认识到其对城市经济和社会文化发展的重大影响。移民企业家往往集中在社区并促进多元化的经济活动。混合嵌入（ME）框架强调了塑造移民创业的背景、经济和制度因素之间复杂的相互作用。作为社会资本的来源，创业网络提供了获取资源和机会的途径。尽管取得了所有进展，但对移民企业家嵌入性的系统分析和量化仍然是一个挑战。本文旨在通过量化嵌入形式来了解不同的城市环境如何塑造各种创业策略。为了实现这一目标，我们研究了 Rione Sanità（意大利那不勒斯）的斯里兰卡人和 Rusholme（英国曼彻斯特）的巴基斯坦企业家的创业战略。通过使用社交网络分析，本文揭示了嵌入的不同形式，以及城市环境和群体的特征如何同时帮助定义创业策略的差异。